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HSMs: Include patent citations

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chapter-hsms/chapter.tex
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@ -112,6 +112,37 @@ cloning. This device will also be analyzed later in this chapter.
\section{The Principles of Tamper-Sensing Mesh Construction and Monitoring}
Tamper-sensing meshes can be implemented in many different ways. Their design offers various degrees of freedom from the
precise conductor layout, through the manufacturing technology of the mesh and how it is wrapped around the payload
during manufacturing up to its monitoring circuitry. As a result, manufacturers across application domains from
datacenter appliance HSMs through card payment terminals have historically used patents on parts of their tamper-sensing
mesh implementations as a means to prevent copying of their designs~\cite{
razaghiCircuitBoardHold2019,
heitmannTamperBarrierElectronic2005,
clarkTamperDetectionSystem2005,
heitmannMethodMakingTamper2009,
perreaultSystemMethodInstalling2005
}. The basic principle of modern tamper-sensing meshes of preventing intrusion by force through embedding a looped
conductor to cover a surface traces back as far as at least 1870~\cite{
ImprovementProtectingSafes1870,
ImprovementElectromagneticEnvelopes1870}, when it was applied to the protection of bank vaults from robbers
attempting to dig, drill and saw through the vault's floor and walls. Even multi-layer, orthogonal tamper-sensing meshes
are documented as far back as 1902~\ref{suttonElectricallyprotectedStructure1902}. Using printed circuits instead of
wires for this purpose occurs in literature as soon as printed circuit technology finds widespread commercial adoption
in the 1960ies~\cite{hamPrintedcircuitTypeSecurity1971}. The history of more HSM-like devices begins in the 1990ies with
the widespread adoption of cryptography in commercial applications~\cite{
kleijneSecurityDeviceSecure1986,
joyceMethodDetectPenetration1996,
droegeSicherheitsmodulMitEinteiliger1997,
cesanaTamperResistantCard2001,
cesanaSecurityClothDesign2006,
elbertSecureCircuitAssembly2006,
cookTamperDetectionCircuit2020,
brodskyCircuitLayoutsTamperrespondent2018,
cobianuLargeAreaDistributed2008,
phamAntitamperMesh2011
} when instead of protecting an entire device it became feasible to create a protected cryptographic coprocessor.
\subsection{Tamper-sensing Mesh Manufacturing}
The manufacturing technology of a tamper sensing mesh is a critical factor in its security. While in many applications,
@ -119,12 +150,14 @@ meshes manufactured from off-the-shelf processes such as Flexible Printed Circui
processes tend to be optimzed to maximize the robustness of the produced circuits to mechanical stress. In contrast, the
ideal tamper-sensing mesh is exactly as robust as it needs to be not to be destroyed accidentially during normal
handling, but should not be more robust than that. As a result, more secure meshes tend to be manufactured in bespoke
manufacturing processes.
% FIXME cite Immler et al
manufacturing processes~\cite{
immlerBTREPIDBatterylessTamperresistant2018,
immlerSecurePhysicalEnclosures2018,
ImprovementProtectingSafes1870}.
% TODO cite hennigApparatusMethodComprising2020 and obermaierPUFfilmMethodProducing2023 on immler et al PUF tech
One more widely cited tamper-sensing mesh implementation is a commercial product developed by IBM in collaboration with
chemical company W.\ L.\ Gore \& Asscociates Inc.\ and used in IBM's datacenter HSM products up to approximately 2020.
% FIXME mention that Immler et al. cite them
This mesh design uses a stack of multiple layers of a clear, flexible plastic substrate on which carbon-based traces are
printed. Vias, i.e. contacts between layers, are made by laser cutting small holes into the substrate before the traces
are printed. The flexible circuit layers are joined with a opaque black, stretchy glue and after installation embedded
@ -134,8 +167,10 @@ improves its security against tampering. Furthermore, both the glue fusing the f
mesh is embedded inside after installation are clearly co-designed with the carbon trace material such that the trace
material adheres well to both, leading to the traces being destroyed when either are peeled off.
The design of these IBM/Gore meshes is documented in an extensive list of patents, mostly under IBM's name.
% FIXME list actual patents as citations or table.
The design of these IBM/Gore meshes is documented in an extensive list of patents, mostly under IBM's name. Its
fundamental layout has not changed much since the early 1990ies~\cite{
macphersonImprovementsSecurityEnclosures1993,
macphersonTamperRespondentEnclosure1999}.
\subsection{Tamper-sensing Mesh Monitoring}
@ -147,35 +182,20 @@ operation from a battery. Commonly, one or two cylindrical or large coin cell Li
providing in the order of \qtyrange{10}{20}{\watt\hour} over their lifetime. Broken down to an unpowered storage life of
e.g.\ 5 years, this corresponds to a maximum average power consumption of \qty{450}{\micro\watt}.
% FIXME cite patent US20010056542A1, maybe others?
% relevant categories: (H01L23/576), (G06K19/07372)
% keyword: wire covering
% FIXME US10251260B1, US9730315B1 (both square) mention wheatstone bridge
% FIXME DE2656349A1 mentions bridge circuit but applied to a fence(!)
To achieve low power consumption, a popular technique known since at least 1902
% FIXME cite US708093A
and still used today
% FIXME cite section on utimaco / gore mesh, cite US20010056542A1 (ibm), US10251260B1, US9730315B1 (square)
is to measure the mesh's deviation from its baseline value. This measurement can be implemented either by directly
comparing a mesh trace's resistance with a reference resistor, or using a wheatstone bridge.
% FIXME cite DE559905C
This technique, known since at least 1929, is still used in modern HSMs for its simple implementation: Comparators do no
need a lot of power, and similar to the layout of a strain gauge, the wheatstone bridge circuit can be implemented using
the mesh's traces. When all traces are interleaved, this also provides some degree of intrinsic temperature
compensation.
% FIXME US10321589B2 cites comparators
% US587931A (1897) describes overlapping structure
% FIXME US7345497B2 uses balanced transmission lines / fast pulses
% FIXME NCR Group patent US4593384A mentioned tamper traces in 1984
% FIXME NCR Group patent US3594770A mentions meshes in 1968
% FIXME US110362A from 1870 may be oldes mention of mesh I found
% FIXME US708093A from 1902 shows literal meshes like we do them today, just with wires not PCBs, and also describes
% bridge-like comparator circuit using counter-wound coils
% FIXME Hughes Aircraft patent US5568124A mentions mesh-like panels in 1993
To achieve low power consumption, a popular technique known since at least
1902~\cite{suttonElectricallyprotectedStructure1902} and still used
today~\cite{cesanaTamperResistantCard2001,razaghiCircuitBoardHold2019} is to measure the mesh's deviation from its
baseline value. This measurement can be implemented either by directly comparing a mesh trace's resistance with a
reference resistor, or using a wheatstone bridge. Using a bridge circuit was already used in early tamper-sensing mesh
implementations~\cite{
ElektrischeSicherheitseinrichtungSchutze1932,
hamPrintedcircuitTypeSecurity1971,
dalphinEnceinteProtegeeAvec1987
} and makes it possible to detect small changes in the mesh's resistance with little complexity.
% TODO US7345497B2 uses balanced transmission lines / fast pulses
% NOTE: US3882324A mentions exploding the device as tamper response
\subsection{Other Tamper Sensing Techniques}
@ -192,31 +212,6 @@ custom injection-molded plastic light baffles at all air vents of the device des
light.
% FIXME citations?
\subsection{The Patent Landscape}
Tamper-sensing meshes can be implemented in many different ways. Their design offers various degrees of freedom from the
precise conductor layout, through the manufacturing technology of the mesh and how it is wrapped around the payload
during manufacturing up to its monitoring circuitry. As a result, manufacturers across application domains from
datacenter appliance HSMs through card payment terminals and including niche applications like mail franking machines
have historically used patents on parts of their tamper-sensing mesh implementations as a means to prevent copying of
their designs. While most original tamper sensing mesh implementations are covered by at least one patent, we want to
highlight IBM for dwarfing the efforts of most other companies and fielding industry's widest portfolio of related
patents.
While the patent history of HSM-like devices is rather shallow and begins in the 1990ies
% FIXME cite
with scarce prior examples,
% FIXME cite
tamper-sensing meshes have a much longer history dating back to at least 1870.
% FIXME cite
Tamper-sensing meshes were often called \emph{wire coverings} in earlier patent literature from before the widespread
adoption of printed circuits. Beginning in the late 1800s, there is an abundance of patents claiming such meshes for the
protection of safes and vault rooms.
A 1969 NCR patent
% FIXME cite US10321589B2
is the earliest mention we were able to find of such a tamper-sensing mesh being implemented in a printed circuit
process instead of by laying out a physical wire.
\section{A Survey of Meshes in the Wild}
Concluding the brief history of tamper sensing meshes above, we find that they were initially developed for sensitive
@ -605,12 +600,12 @@ overlap the mesh in the corner is likely caused by manufacturing considerations,
proper folding of a small foil tab with adhesive pre-applied.
~
Figure~\ref{hsm_fig_3d_struct_vacuum_form} shows a sample of a flexible circuit manufactured in a screenprinted
silver-ink process thermoformed into a three-dimensional shape. The flexible circuit mesh is first produced in a
standard planar printing process. After printing and curing, the resulting foil is then heated to soften it, and forced
into a three-dimensional shape using a mold. Depending on the process, one or two molds, and vacuum or pressured air can
be used to shape the foil. The process requires a screenprinted flexible circuit, and would not work with
copper/polyimide flexible PCBs since their copper layer is too thick to plastically deform without tearing, and because
polyimide is not sufficiently thermoplastic at low temperatures.
silver-ink process thermoformed into a three-dimensional shape~\cite{weidnerHardwareschutzFormHalbschalen2007}. The
flexible circuit mesh is first produced in a standard planar printing process. After printing and curing, the resulting
foil is then heated to soften it, and forced into a three-dimensional shape using a mold. Depending on the process, one
or two molds, and vacuum or pressured air can be used to shape the foil. The process requires a screenprinted flexible
circuit, and would not work with copper/polyimide flexible PCBs since their copper layer is too thick to plastically
deform without tearing, and because polyimide is not sufficiently thermoplastic at low temperatures.
Thermoforming is a cheap industry standard process, but applied to flexible circuits it has some limitations. First,
only 2.5-dimensional structures can be created since the starting product is always a planar sheet. Second, the sheet
@ -741,7 +736,7 @@ to target the metal contacts with a tool like a needle probe. From the CT scan w
the device has a pitch of \qty{1.0}{\milli\meter}. Thus, even inserting a thin needle probe right through one of the
mesh's traces should be possible without breaking the trace.
Figure~\ref{hsm_fig_ingenioc_potted_ct_3d} shows a 3D reconstruction of the mesh's conductor layout. While the
Figure~\ref{hsm_fig_ingenico_potted_ct_3d} shows a 3D reconstruction of the mesh's conductor layout. While the
reconstruction is slightly noisy due to the limited scan time available, it contains ample detail to reconstruct the
mesh's layout and conductor count, and even to derive conductor dimensions in order to calculate resistance and other
electronic parameters. The mesh's foil is wrapped around the circuit board forming a pillow shape, which is clearly

2
chapter-sampling-mesh-monitor/chapter.tex
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@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
\section{Introduction}
% FIXME cite patent matsunoProtectionCircuitSemiconductor2008 on delay measurements
% Bei Diss-Citations in der bib dazu schreiben, dass das ne Diss ist.
% 2.2 / 2.3 Wie related? Warum interessant? In Intro erwähnen?
% In Intro herausstellen, dass TDR-Setup neu ist.

360
main.bib
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@ -931,6 +931,20 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2022_Braun et al_MOTION – A Framework for Mixed-Protocol Multi-Party Computation.pdf}
}
@patent{brodskyCircuitLayoutsTamperrespondent2018,
type = {patentus},
title = {Circuit Layouts of Tamper-Respondent Sensors},
author = {Brodsky, William L. and Busby, James A. and Cohen, Edward N. and Isaacs, Phillip Duane},
holder = {{International Business Machines Corp}},
date = {2018-11-20},
number = {10136519B2},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10136519B2/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {conductive lines,respondent,respondent sensor,sensor,tamper},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2018_Brodsky et al_Circuit layouts of tamper-respondent sensors.pdf}
}
@article{brodskyPolarizationModeDispersion2006,
title = {Polarization {{Mode Dispersion}} of {{Installed Fibers}}},
author = {Brodsky, Misha and Frigo, Nicholas J. and Boroditsky, Misha and Tur, Moshe},
@ -1123,6 +1137,33 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/LZU2NVHW/Castryck and Decru - 2023 - An Efficient Key Recovery Attack on SIDH.pdf}
}
@patent{cesanaSecurityClothDesign2006,
type = {patentus},
title = {Security Cloth Design and Assembly},
author = {Cesana, Mario L. and Farquhar, Donald S. and Taddei, Martino},
holder = {{International Business Machines Corp}},
date = {2006-01-03},
number = {6982642B1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US6982642B1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {assembly,bonding pad,cloth,extension,wrap},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2006_Cesana et al_Security cloth design and assembly.pdf}
}
@patent{cesanaTamperResistantCard2001,
type = {patentus},
title = {Tamper Resistant Card Enclosure with Improved Intrusion Detection Circuit},
author = {Cesana, Mario and Zavatti, Roberto},
holder = {{International Business Machines Corp}},
date = {2001-12-27},
number = {20010056542A1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20010056542A1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {circuit traces,intrusion,resistant enclosure,tamper resistant,traces},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2001_Cesana_Zavatti_Tamper resistant card enclosure with improved intrusion detection circuit.pdf}
}
@article{chafiDesignMethodPCB2021,
title = {Design {{Method}} of {{PCB Inductors}} for {{High-Frequency GaN Converters}}},
author = {Chafi, Ammar and Idir, Nadir and Videt, Arnaud and Maher, Hassan},
@ -1354,6 +1395,19 @@
keywords = {sampling-mesh}
}
@patent{clarkTamperDetectionSystem2005,
type = {patentus},
title = {Tamper Detection System for Securing Data},
author = {Clark, Douglas A.},
holder = {{Pitney Bowes Inc}},
date = {2005-05-17},
number = {6895509B1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US6895509B1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {node,power source,resistor,transistor,wire loop},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2005_Clark_Tamper detection system for securing data.pdf}
}
@online{ClavisXGQKD2024,
title = {Clavis {{XG QKD System Brochure}}},
date = {2024-07},
@ -1385,6 +1439,19 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2018_Clementi et al_Comparison of Tagging Technologies for Safeguards of Copper Canisters for.pdf}
}
@patent{cobianuLargeAreaDistributed2008,
type = {patentus},
title = {Large Area Distributed Sensor},
author = {Cobianu, Cornel P. and Georgescu, Ion and Dumitru, Viorel-Georgel},
holder = {{Honeywell International Inc}},
date = {2008-01-03},
number = {20080001741A1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080001741A1/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&oq=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&sort=old},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {dielectric film,distributed,distributed electrical,electrical circuit,printed},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2008_Cobianu et al_Large area distributed sensor.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{cominelliEvenBlackCats2020,
title = {Even {{Black Cats Cannot Stay Hidden}} in the {{Dark}}: {{Full-band De-anonymization}} of {{Bluetooth Classic Devices}}},
shorttitle = {Even {{Black Cats Cannot Stay Hidden}} in the {{Dark}}},
@ -1417,6 +1484,19 @@
langid = {english}
}
@patent{cookTamperDetectionCircuit2020,
type = {patentus},
title = {Tamper Detection Circuit Assemblies and Related Manufacturing Processes},
author = {Cook, Timothy E. and Jr, Gerald Thomas Wardrop},
holder = {{Thales eSecurity Inc}},
date = {2020-03-03},
number = {10579833B1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10579833B1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {conductive lines,group,lid,security processor,signal},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2020_Cook_Jr_Tamper detection circuit assemblies and related manufacturing processes.pdf}
}
@online{CorningSMF28Ultra2024,
title = {Corning {{SMF-28 Ultra Optical Fiber Product Information Sheet}}},
date = {2024-02},
@ -1479,6 +1559,20 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/G9UFDMFK/Curran et al. - 2015 - Modeling and characterization of PCB coils for ind.pdf}
}
@patent{dalphinEnceinteProtegeeAvec1987,
type = {patenteu},
title = {Enceinte Protégée Avec Interrupteur Électrique et Son Application},
author = {Dalphin, Claude Société Civile S. P. I. D.},
holder = {{Telecommunications Radioelectriques et Telephoniques SA TRT, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV}},
date = {1987-08-12},
number = {0231549A1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0231549A1/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&oq=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&sort=old},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
abstract = {Une enceinte protégée L comporte au moins un élément de paroi E muni d'un interrupteur électrique C1, C2 lui-même protégé par une sonde mince et souple S, B qui d'une part transmet la commande mécanique externe P et d'autre part permet la détection d'une intrusion à ce point faible de l'en­ceinte protégée. Application : Enceinte de sécurité avec clavier de saisie du code d'accès notamment pour système de paiement électronique.},
keywords = {flexible,layer,probe,protected enclosure,thickness},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/1987_Dalphin_Enceinte protégée avec interrupteur électrique et son application.pdf}
}
@article{dalskovFantasticFourHonestMajority,
title = {Fantastic {{Four}}: {{Honest-Majority Four-Party Secure Computation With Malicious Security}}},
author = {Dalskov, Anders and Escudero, Daniel and Keller, Marcel},
@ -1693,6 +1787,18 @@
x-fetchedfrom = {Google Scholar}
}
@patent{droegeSicherheitsmodulMitEinteiliger1997,
type = {patentde},
title = {Sicherheitsmodul Mit Einteiliger {{Sicherheitsfolie}}},
author = {Droege, Hartmut Dipl Ing and Fischer, Ludwig Dipl Ing and Scheibel, Markus Dipl Ing and Sonnentag, Dieter Dipl Ing},
holder = {{International Business Machines Corp}},
date = {1997-07-17},
number = {19600769A1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/DE19600769A1/en?q=(H01L23%2f576)&oq=(H01L23%2f576)&sort=old&page=2},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {area,film,module,security,security module}
}
@incollection{dulekSecureMultipartyQuantum2020,
title = {Secure {{Multi-party Quantum Computation}} with a {{Dishonest Majority}}},
author = {Dulek, Yfke and Grilo, Alex B. and Jeffery, Stacey and Majenz, Christian and Schaffner, Christian},
@ -1791,6 +1897,31 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/47BLRUGY/achieve-tamper-proof-capacitive-sensing.html}
}
@patent{elbertSecureCircuitAssembly2006,
type = {patentus},
title = {Secure Circuit Assembly},
author = {Elbert, Arcadi and Diep, Alvin},
holder = {{Individual}},
date = {2006-11-16},
number = {20060259788A1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20060259788A1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {boundary area,circuit,circuit board,printed circuit,secure},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2006_Elbert_Diep_Secure circuit assembly.pdf}
}
@patent{ElektrischeSicherheitseinrichtungSchutze1932,
type = {patentde},
title = {Elektrische {{Sicherheitseinrichtung}} Zum {{Schutze}} von {{Geldschraenken}} u. Dgl},
holder = {{Individual}},
date = {1932-09-26},
number = {559905C},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/DE559905C/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&oq=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&sort=old},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {contacts,covering,door,rugs,safe}
}
@incollection{eppenAnforderungenEinzelteileRundfunkempfanger1927,
title = {Anforderungen an Die {{Einzelteile}} Der {{Rundfunkempfänger}}; {{Gesichtspunkte}} Für Den {{Bau}} Der {{Geräte}}},
booktitle = {Die Wissenschaftlichen {{Grundlagen}} Des {{Rundfunkempfangs}}},
@ -2509,6 +2640,20 @@
urldate = {2020-09-17}
}
@patent{hamPrintedcircuitTypeSecurity1971,
type = {patentus},
title = {Printed-Circuit Type Security Apparatus for Protecting Areas},
author = {Ham, Conrad S. and Horwinski, Elwood R.},
holder = {{Lewis Engineering Co}},
date = {1971-07-20},
number = {3594770A},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US3594770A/en?q=(H01L23%2f576)&oq=(H01L23%2f576)&sort=old&page=2},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
abstract = {A guarding apparatus responsive to violation of the security of an area or space, comprising a printed or similar gridlike circuit configuration of conductors, preferably of resistance characteristic, connected to form one or several continuous trigger circuits. The configuration may be in the nature of printed circuit panels arranged to enclose, preferably completely, the desired area of security, as by constituting part of the walls, floor, junction or connector boxes and the like. The circuitry is connected, as by a cable, to an energized electrical detector which may comprise an instrument movement and a bridge, whereby any shorting or breaking of one or more of the printed or similar conductors will result in a response by the instrument movement.},
keywords = {bridge,circuit,conductors,grid,printed},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/1971_Ham_Horwinski_Printed-circuit type security apparatus for protecting areas.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{hanScalingHardwareSecurity2019,
title = {Toward Scaling Hardware Security Module for Emerging Cloud Services},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th {{Workshop}} on {{System Software}} for {{Trusted Execution}}},
@ -2615,6 +2760,34 @@
url = {https://www.heise.de/news/OVH-Feuer-zerstoert-Rechenzentrum-in-Strassburg-ein-weiteres-beschaedigt-5076320.html}
}
@patent{heitmannMethodMakingTamper2009,
type = {patentus},
title = {Method of Making Tamper Detection Circuit for an Electronic Device},
author = {Heitmann, Kjell A. and Clark, Douglas A. and Perreault, Paul G.},
holder = {{Pitney Bowes Inc}},
date = {2009-01-13},
number = {7475474B2},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US7475474B2/en?q=(tamper+monitoring+circuit)&oq=tamper+monitoring+circuit&page=2},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {circuit board,pcb,printed circuit,tamper,traces},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2009_Heitmann et al_Method of making tamper detection circuit for an electronic device.pdf}
}
@patent{heitmannTamperBarrierElectronic2005,
type = {patentus},
title = {Tamper Barrier for Electronic Device},
author = {Heitmann, Kjell and Clark, Douglas and Perreault, Paul},
holder = {{Pitney Bowes Inc}},
date = {2005-07-28},
number = {20050161253A1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20050161253A1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {circuit board,electrical contact,layer,printed circuit,traces},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2005_Heitmann et al_Tamper barrier for electronic device.pdf}
}
@article{helfinstineOpticalFibreStrength1982,
title = {Optical Fibre Strength/Fatigue Experiments},
author = {Helfinstine, J. D. and Quan, F.},
@ -2641,6 +2814,20 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/RUKG95IR/Brochure_Henkel_Inks_and_Coatings.pdf}
}
@patent{hennigApparatusMethodComprising2020,
type = {patentus},
title = {Apparatus and Method Comprising a Carrier with Circuit Structures},
author = {Hennig, Maxim and Schimmel, Oliver and Zieris, Philipp and Filipovic, Bartol},
holder = {{Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV}},
date = {2020-03-17},
number = {10592665B2},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10592665B2/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {carrier,circuit structures,component,implemented,result},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2020_Hennig et al_Apparatus and method comprising a carrier with circuit structures.pdf}
}
@article{henzingerOneServerPrice,
title = {One {{Server}} for the {{Price}} of {{Two}}: {{Simple}} and {{Fast Single-Server Private Information Retrieval}}},
author = {Henzinger, Alexandra and Hong, Matthew M and Corrigan-Gibbs, Henry and Meiklejohn, Sarah and Vaikuntanathan, Vinod},
@ -2933,6 +3120,28 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/K9YRK595/Implementation Security of Quantum Cryptography - .pdf}
}
@patent{ImprovementElectromagneticEnvelopes1870,
type = {patentus},
title = {Improvement in Electro-Magnetic Envelopes for Safes, Vaults},
date = {1870-12-20},
number = {110362A},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US110362A/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)&oq=(G08B13%2f126)&sort=old},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {electro,envelope,lining,safes,vaults},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/1870_Improvement in electro-magnetic envelopes for safes, vaults.pdf}
}
@patent{ImprovementProtectingSafes1870,
type = {patentus},
title = {Improvement in Protecting Safes and Vaults from Burglars},
date = {1870-08-16},
number = {106324A},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US106324A/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)&oq=(G08B13%2f126)&sort=old},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {burglars,conductor,improvement,safe,vaults},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/1870_Improvement in protecting safes and vaults from burglars.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{irikura2012,
title = {High Acceleration Motions Generated from the 2011 Pacific Coast off Tohoku, Japan Earthquake},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering},
@ -3061,6 +3270,19 @@
x-fetchedfrom = {Google Scholar}
}
@patent{joyceMethodDetectPenetration1996,
type = {patentus},
title = {Method to Detect Penetration of a Surface and Apparatus Implementing Same},
author = {Joyce, Richard J. and Kramer, Allan R.},
holder = {{Hughes Aircraft Co}},
date = {1996-10-22},
number = {5568124A},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US5568124A/en?oq=US5568124A},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {conduit means,conduits,frangible,protected,substrate},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/1996_Joyce_Kramer_Method to detect penetration of a surface and apparatus implementing same.pdf}
}
@online{JUNOSubmarineNetworks,
title = {{{JUNO}} - {{Submarine Networks}}},
url = {https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/juno},
@ -3257,6 +3479,19 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/HCXPR3XB/against-the-dark-forest.html}
}
@patent{kleijneSecurityDeviceSecure1986,
type = {patentus},
title = {Security Device for the Secure Storage of Sensitive Data},
author = {Kleijne, Theodoor A.},
holder = {{NCR Corp}},
date = {1986-06-03},
number = {4593384A},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US4593384A/en?oq=US4593384A},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {housing,memory,responsive,sensitive data,signal},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/1986_Kleijne_Security device for the secure storage of sensitive data.pdf}
}
@book{kleinSpulenUndSchwingungskreise1941,
title = {Spulen Und {{Schwingungskreise}}},
author = {Klein, Paul-Eduard},
@ -4004,6 +4239,34 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/PZAMVZ3L/Lu et al. - 2021 - Correlated Randomness Teleportation via Semi-trust.pdf}
}
@patent{macphersonImprovementsSecurityEnclosures1993,
type = {patenteu},
title = {Improvements in Security Enclosures},
author = {Macpherson, Hugh},
holder = {{WL Gore and Associates UK Ltd}},
date = {1993-05-05},
number = {0540139A2},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0540139A2/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&oq=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&sort=old},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
abstract = {A security enclosure comprises a flexible sheet (60) of insulating material extending over the whole of the area of the enclosure and carrying lines (62, 64) of electrically - responsive material on each side. The lines on one side of the sheet (60) extend obliquely relative to the lines on the other side of the sheet and are connected thereto at edge portions of the sheet to form a plurality of conductors so divid - ing the sheet into a number of relatively small areas so that attempted opening of the enclosure changes an electrical characteristic of the conductors. Con - nectors (70) are provided at an edge portion of the sheet (60) for individually connecting the conductors to a detector (88) for detecting the changes in the electrical characteristic of the lines (62, 64). The connectors (70) include a switch arrangement which is selectively configured to connect further connec - tors (72) associated with the detector (88) with se - lected conductors. One edge portion of the sheet includes a plurality of line switches (66a - d) which are selectively configured to connect each one of the lines (62a - d) on one side of the sheet with a selected one of a plurality of lines (64a - d) on the other side of the sheet.},
langid = {english},
keywords = {conductors,edges,enclosure,lines,sheet},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/1993_Macpherson_Improvements in security enclosures.pdf}
}
@patent{macphersonTamperRespondentEnclosure1999,
type = {patentus},
title = {Tamper Respondent Enclosure},
author = {MacPherson, Hugh},
holder = {{WL Gore and Associates Inc}},
date = {1999-01-12},
number = {5858500A},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US5858500A/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {delamination,enclosure,layer,respondent,sheet},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/1999_MacPherson_Tamper respondent enclosure.pdf}
}
@article{mahmodSRAMHasNo2025,
title = {{{SRAM Has No Chill}}: {{Exploiting Power Domain Separation}} to {{Steal On-Chip Secrets}}},
shorttitle = {{{SRAM Has No Chill}}},
@ -4157,6 +4420,20 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/7D7R9GCM/Martín et al. - 2023 - SealClub Computer-aided Paper Document Authentica.pdf}
}
@patent{matsunoProtectionCircuitSemiconductor2008,
type = {patentus},
title = {Protection Circuit for Semiconductor Device and Semiconductor Device Including the Same},
author = {Matsuno, Noriaki},
holder = {{Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd}},
date = {2008-03-18},
number = {7345497B2},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US7345497B2/en?q=(tamper+monitoring+circuit)&oq=tamper+monitoring+circuit},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {protection circuit,semiconductor device,shielded,shielded line,signal},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2008_Matsuno_Protection circuit for semiconductor device and semiconductor device including.pdf}
}
@inproceedings{maurerAuthenticationAmplificationSynchronization2013,
title = {Authentication Amplification by Synchronization},
booktitle = {2013 {{IEEE International Symposium}} on {{Information Theory}}},
@ -4938,6 +5215,20 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/6RGSZ8PG/Obermaier et al. - 2018 - A measurement system for capacitive PUF-based secu.pdf}
}
@patent{obermaierPUFfilmMethodProducing2023,
type = {patentus},
title = {{{PUF-film}} and Method for Producing the Same},
author = {Obermaier, Johannes and Immler, Vincent and HESSELBARTH, Robert},
holder = {{Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV}},
date = {2023-02-21},
number = {11586780B2},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US11586780B2/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {circuit,conductive traces,film,layer,puf},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2023_Obermaier et al_PUF-film and method for producing the same.pdf}
}
@article{oflynnPhaseModulationSide,
title = {Phase {{Modulation Side Channels}}: {{Jittery JTAG}} for {{On-Chip Voltage Measurements}}},
author = {O’Flynn, Colin},
@ -5115,6 +5406,20 @@
version = {2.2}
}
@patent{perreaultSystemMethodInstalling2005,
type = {patentus},
title = {System and Method for Installing a Tamper Barrier Wrap in a {{PCB}} Assembly, Including a {{PCB}} Assembly Having Improved Heat Sinking},
author = {Perreault, Paul and Clark, Douglas and Heitmann, Kjell},
holder = {{Pitney Bowes Inc}},
date = {2005-07-28},
number = {20050160702A1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20050160702A1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {circuit board,installation tool,printed circuit,tamper,wrap},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2005_Perreault et al_System and method for installing a tamper barrier wrap in a PCB assembly,.pdf}
}
@article{perrigTESLABroadcastAuthentication,
title = {The {{TESLA Broadcast Authentication Protocol}}},
author = {Perrig, Adrian and Canetti, Ran and Tygar, J D and Song, Dawn},
@ -5132,6 +5437,19 @@
version = {Revision 34}
}
@patent{phamAntitamperMesh2011,
type = {patentus},
title = {Anti-Tamper Mesh},
author = {Pham, Cuong V. and Chubin, David E. and Clarke, Robert A. and Kuan, Aaron D.},
holder = {{Teledyne Technologies Inc}},
date = {2011-05-24},
number = {7947911B1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US7947911B1/en},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {conductive,conductive pattern,electronic device,mesh,pattern},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2011_Pham et al_Anti-tamper mesh.pdf}
}
@incollection{pinkasPSIPaXoSFast2020,
title = {{{PSI}} from {{PaXoS}}: {{Fast}}, {{Malicious Private Set Intersection}}},
shorttitle = {{{PSI}} from {{PaXoS}}},
@ -5332,6 +5650,19 @@
file = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/EKJ87EQG/Rahman - A Comprehensive Survey on Hardware-Software co-Pro.pdf}
}
@patent{razaghiCircuitBoardHold2019,
type = {patentus},
title = {Circuit Board to Hold Connector Pieces for Tamper Detection Circuit},
author = {Razaghi, Mani},
holder = {{Square Inc}},
date = {2019-04-02},
number = {10251260B1},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10251260B1/en?q=(H01L23%2f576)&oq=(H01L23%2f576)&sort=old},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
keywords = {board,conductive,detection circuit,tamper,tamper detection},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2019_Razaghi_Circuit board to hold connector pieces for tamper detection circuit.pdf}
}
@patent{razaghiTamperDetectionSystem2020,
type = {patentus},
title = {Tamper Detection System},
@ -6256,6 +6587,20 @@ Archive 2: https://web.archive.org/web/20250510104017/https://de.linkedin.com/pu
urldate = {2023-10-31}
}
@patent{suttonElectricallyprotectedStructure1902,
type = {patentus},
title = {Electrically-Protected Structure},
author = {Sutton, Henry M. and Steele, Walter L. and Coerver, Michael},
holder = {{Individual}},
date = {1902-09-02},
number = {708093A},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US708093A/en?oq=US708093},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {english},
keywords = {circuit,grooves,protected,wires,wiring},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/1902_Sutton et al_Electrically-protected structure.pdf}
}
@article{takeokaFundamentalRatelossTradeoff2014,
title = {Fundamental Rate-Loss Tradeoff for Optical Quantum Key Distribution},
author = {Takeoka, Masahiro and Guha, Saikat and Wilde, Mark M.},
@ -7008,6 +7353,21 @@ Archive 2: https://web.archive.org/web/20250510104017/https://de.linkedin.com/pu
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2019_Weichselbraun_Of Broken Seals and Broken Promises.pdf}
}
@patent{weidnerHardwareschutzFormHalbschalen2007,
type = {patent},
title = {Hardwareschutz in form von zu halbschalen tiefgezogenen leiterplatten},
author = {Weidner, Karl and Wimmer, Anton},
holder = {{Siemens Aktiengesellschaft}},
date = {2007-01-11},
number = {WO2007003227A1},
location = {WO},
url = {https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2007003227A1/en?oq=WO2007003227A1},
urldate = {2025-09-10},
langid = {ngerman},
keywords = {circuit,hardware,hardware protection,protected,substrate},
file = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2007_Weidner_Wimmer_Hardwareschutz in form von zu halbschalen tiefgezogenen leiterplatten.pdf}
}
@patent{wernerFabricatingTamperrespondentSensors2024,
type = {patentus},
title = {Fabricating Tamper-Respondent Sensors with Random Three-Dimensional Security Patterns},