Add lots of citations to introduction
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@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ rejection of authorities~\cite{broussaisOriginesDeviseAnarchiste2022,guerinNoGod
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cryptography, it is generally seen as best practice to have the least amount of parties possible involved in any
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computation.
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Most cryptographic problems are easily solved by involving a trusted third party (TTP).
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% FIXME cite TTP examples
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Yet, cryptographers have time and again rejected attempts to involve third parties in cryptographic protocols~\cite{
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Yet, cryptographers have time and again vocally rejected attempts to involve third parties in cryptographic
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protocols~\cite{
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abelsonRisksKeyRecovery1997,
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abelsonKeysDoormats2015,
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andersonSecurityEngineeringGuide2020,
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@ -58,13 +58,20 @@ Yet, cryptographers have time and again rejected attempts to involve third parti
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}.
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Considerable research has been focused on creating a versatile set of tools to perform tasks as diverse as secure
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communication,
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% FIXME cite: signal, noise, something metadata resistant
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private information retrieval,
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% FIXME PIR = ORAM?
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%FIXME cite ORAM papers, and oblivious transfer papers
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and even general computation in a decentralized way that avoids trusted authorities.
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% FIXME cite MPC papers
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communication~\cite{
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alwenDoubleRatchetSecurity2019,
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marlinspikeDoubleRatchetAlgorithm2025,
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dowlingFlexibleAuthenticatedConfidential2020,
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sasySoKMetadataProtectingCommunication2024},
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oblivious database access~\cite{
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chorPrivateInformationRetrieval,
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aguilar-melchorXPIRPrivateInformation2016,
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reichertMenhirObliviousDatabase2024},
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and even general computation~\cite{
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goosInformationTheoreticallySecure1999,
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aumannSecurityCovertAdversaries2010,
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chorPrivateInformationRetrieval}
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in a decentralized way that avoids trusted authorities.
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While politically, this blanket rejection of authority represents a fringe viewpoint, in cryptography it has a long
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tradition originating with the Cypherpunk and Hacker movements~\cite{
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andersonCypherpunkEthicsRadical2022,
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@ -74,18 +81,23 @@ tradition originating with the Cypherpunk and Hacker movements~\cite{
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and extending throughout mainstream academic cryptography.
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While the aforementioned cryptographic tools enable a large gamut of use cases in theory, in practice cryptographic
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systems are still routinely compromised.
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% FIXME cite cellphone attacks
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The fundamental flaw of any practical cryptographic system is that secure algorithms have to run on hardware, and even
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today, average computing hardware provides little physical security.
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% FIXME cite TPM attacks
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% FIXME cite Intel TXE etc. attacks
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systems are still routinely compromised~\cite{
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gellmanNSAInfiltratesLinks2013,
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goldmanUnrestrainedChineseCyberattackers2025,
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scott-railtonWhoseAuthorityPegasus2024,
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quintinSomethingRememberUs2024,
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marczakGraphiteCaughtFirst2025}.
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A fundamental flaw of any practical cryptographic system is that secure algorithms have to run on hardware, and even
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today, average computing hardware provides little physical security~\cite{
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gotzfriedCacheAttacksIntel2017,
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Lipp2018meltdown,
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Kocher2018spectre,
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moghimiTPMFAILTPMMeets2020}.
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\emph{Hardware Security Modules} are a class of devices specifically designed to execute cryptographic algorithms while
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providing strict physical security guarantees, but these systems are expensive,
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% FIXME citation
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and their physical security is often questionable.
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% FIXME cite anderson, and immler et al in the early paper with the two HSMs taken apart
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% FIXME reference chapter hsm survey?
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and their physical security is often questionable (cf.~Chapter~\ref{chapter-survey})~\cite{
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obermaier2018,
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andersonSecurityEngineeringGuide2020}.
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As \textcite{andersonSecurityEngineeringGuide2020} writes on HSMs and their security standards:
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% FIXME page numbers
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@ -96,7 +108,7 @@ As \textcite{andersonSecurityEngineeringGuide2020} writes on HSMs and their secu
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level 4, and understand that level 3 can sometimes be defeated with a Swiss army knife. The buying incentive
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there is compliance, and where real security clashes with operations it’s not surprising to see weaker standards
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designed to make compliance easier.
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\textit{\textcite{andersonSecurityEngineeringGuide2020} p. }
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\textit{\textcite{andersonSecurityEngineeringGuide2020} p. 629}
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\end{flushright}
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\end{quote}
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