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All Cops Are Bastards, or ACAB is a slogan popular in far left and anarchist circles since the mid-twentieth century
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that expresses a rejection of state authority~\cite{constantinouAppliedResearchPolicing2021}. While politically, this
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blanket rejection is a fringe viewpoint with no mainstream acceptance, there exists a strange parallel between this and
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modern cryptographic best practice. In modern cryptography, it is generally seen as best practice to have the least
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blanket rejection is a fringe viewpoint with no mainstream acceptance, there exists an interesting parallel between this
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and modern cryptographic best practice. In modern cryptography, it is generally seen as best practice to have the least
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amount of keys possible involved in any computation, and cryptographers have time and time again strongly rejected
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attempts by states and other authorities to insert backdoor access mechanisms into cryptographic systems.
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attempts by states and other authorities to insert backdoor access mechanisms into cryptographic systems~\cite{
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abelsonRisksKeyRecovery1997,
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abelsonKeysDoormats2015,
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andersonSecurityEngineeringGuide2020,
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}.
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%In cryptography, Kerckhoffs' principle, named after Dutch military cryptographer Auguste Kerckhoffs, expresses that
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The aversion of cryptographers against backdoor access shows up everywhere---from cryptographic protocol standards like
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TLS, to cryptographic applications like the Singal messenger, not only is backdoor access excluded from the system
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design, its possibility is considered a potential vulnerability and measures such as forward secrecy and post-compromise
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security are taken to mitigate its impact when it is achieved through other means. In computing, this design aspect
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makes cryptographic protocols a unique holdout. In other parts of the stack, explicit or implicit backdoor access is
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commonplace, and attempts at preventing it are rare. For instance, network providers are generally required to comply
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with so-called \emph{Lawful Interception} orders on particular customers or traffic types, and datacenter operators
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commonly provide hardware access to state authorities. The design decisions in cryptographic protocols generally hold,
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and the gold standard for backdoor access to modern systems is either exploiting a \emph{zero-day} flaw that is not yet
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publically known, or acquiring physical access to the target system.
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In this thesis, we wish to extend the level of protection afforded by cryptographic protocol design down the technology
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stack. While cryptographic protocols and modern software from the operating system up make it possible to secure the
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software side of the stack to a high level, the hardware side remains poorly protected. There are a variety of hardware
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security solutions in the wild, but the majority of them either do not target protection against local, physical attacks
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-- such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) -- or are not widely available due to market segmentation or cost -- such as
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conventional Hardware Security Modules (HSMs).
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To extend this protection, we propose the Inertial Hardware Security Module (IHSM), a new type of HSM that extends the
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high level of protection offered by the modern cryptographic software stack down to the hardware level, enabling secure
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computation in insecure places. IHSMs can be custom built with only basic manufacturing capabilities at small scale and
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enable the deployment of secure computation in insecure places even to small organizations such as university research
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departments, NGOs and small businesses.
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Complementing our IHSM concept and prototype, we provide solutions to engineering issues such as wireless power transfer
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adapting them to our use case. Further, we propose improvements to the state of the art in HSM tamper sensors such as
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the use of low-cost, embeddable Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) that not only improve the security of IHSMs, but that
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can even be applied to conventional HSMs.
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We conclude this thesis with an overview of two concrete use cases IHSMs unlock that were previously infeasible using
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conventional HSMs: Datacenter-scale Secure Multiparty Computation (SMPC) and long-range Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
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networks.
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%In cryptography, Kerckhoffs' principle, named after Dutch military cryptographer Auguste Kerckhoffs, expresses that the
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%security of a cryptographic system should only depend on the secrecy of its keys, not on the secrecy of its design. In
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%this way, Kerckhoff's principle states the opposite of the common industry practice of \emph{Security by Obscurity},
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%which aims to achieve security by making it sufficiently annoying to cryptoanalyze a system that nobody bothers.
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%In the early days of mass-market computing, the expectations towards this new tool were high. Even before people
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@ -266,9 +266,9 @@ stored for a large amount of time. Particularly SRAM memory is susceptible to th
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\subsection{Fast Zeroization of Non-Customizable Memories}
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\subsection{A Joint Cooling and IHSM Envelope Powertrain}
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% Thermite experiements and paper
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\subsection{A Joint Cooling and IHSM Envelope Powertrain}
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\section{Outlook}
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