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@ -224,25 +224,27 @@ The core questions in the design of an inertial HSM are the following:
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\end{enumerate}
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We will approach these questions one by one in the following subsections and conclude this section with an exploration
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of the practical implications that these aspects of IHSM construction have on IHSM operation.
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of the practical implications that these aspects of IHSM construction have on IHSM operation, but first we will motivate
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our concept with two use cases and outline our attacker model.
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\subsection{Use Cases and Attacker Model}
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We motivate our work on IHSM security with a number of use cases. For instance, a healthcare provider may wish to
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perform advanced data analysis on a large database of patient health information. While the processing result may be
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needed for the common good, accumulating large amounts of sensitive data on a single system for such processing poses a
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risk. By collecting valuable data in a single computer, this computer is effectively made a target for organized
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cyber-criminals and other determined attackers. Mitigations such as cryptographic protocols and firewalls are effective
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for the network security side of things, but the physical hardware is difficult to secure against e.g.\ bribing of
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insiders. A similar use case would be that of a bank processing customer data. Here, too, a very high level of physical
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security is necessary since adversaries may include foreign secret services. Finally, consider a provider of large-scale
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group communication. Right now, practical systems such as messenger apps fall back to non-end-to-end-encrypted processes
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for large groups since a sufficiently lightweight, performant cryptographic solution does not exist yet. Similar to the
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banking use case, such services need to consider advanced adversaries such as foreign nation states' secret services
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that might attempt physical attacks to extract unencrypted messages from a message broker server.
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The target application of an IHSM is high-risk data processing. This risk can be implied by either high-value data, or
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by difficult physical security constraints. Our goal with IHSMs is to eventually arrive at a system that, at low-cost,
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can persist against a smart, well-funded adversary such as a secret service or organized cyber-crime.
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Our goal with IHSMs is to eventually arrive at a system that, at low-cost, can persist against a smart, well-funded
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adversary such as a secret service or organized cyber-crime.
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Consider a group of healthcare providers intending to analyze a large database of patient health information.
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Accumulating potentially millions of sensitive medical records on a single system for such processing poses an inherent
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risk as this system becomes a valuable target for organized cyber-criminals looking for ransom. IHSMs allow for a level
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of physical security against e.g.\ a bribed insider that is as good as the level of network security afforded by modern
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firewalls and cryptographic protocols.
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On the other end of the spectrum, consider a real-time group video communication provider. Relaying and transcoding
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video data between participants is hard to solve without trusting the server, but at the same time latency requires that
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the server is physically located close to its users. Given the global history of privacy-invasive cyber-attacks by
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secret services and other well-funded attackers, this may pose an issue. In this scenario, IHSMs allow for the secure
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deployment of trusted server components closer to the user, or even at the network edge, where physical security is
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challenging.
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\subsection{Inertial HSM motion}
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\label{sec_ihsm_motion}
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