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@REPORT{usnationalinstituteofstandardsandtechnologySecurityRequirementsCryptographic2019,
ABSTRACT = {The selective application of technological and related procedural safeguards is an important responsibility of every federal organization in providing adequate security in its computer and telecommunication systems.~ ~This standard is applicable to all federal agencies that use cryptographic-based security systems to protect sensitive information in computer and telecommunication systems (including voice systems) as defined in Section 5131 of the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996, Public Law 104-106 and the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002, Public Law 107-347.~ This standard shall be used in designing and implementing cryptographic modules that federal departments and agencies operate or are operated for them under contract.~ The standard provides four increasing, qualitative levels of security intended to cover a wide range of potential applications and environments.~ The security requirements cover areas related to the secure design,...},
AUTHOR = {{(US) National Institute of Standards and Technology}},
INSTITUTION = {U.S. Department of Commerce},
DATE = {2019-03-22},
DOI = {10.6028/NIST.FIPS.140-3},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-3},
TITLE = {Security {{Requirements}} for {{Cryptographic Modules}}},
URLDATE = {2025-05-15},
}
@BOOK{andersonSecurityEngineeringGuide2020,
AUTHOR = {Anderson, Ross},
PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
DATE = {2020-12-22},
DOI = {10.1002/9781119644682},
EDITION = {3},
LANGID = {english},
SHORTTITLE = {Security {{Engineering}}},
TITLE = {Security {{Engineering}}: {{A Guide}} to {{Building Dependable Distributed Systems}}},
URLDATE = {2024-12-03},
}
@BOOK{andreaElectronicConnectorBook2022,
AUTHOR = {Andrea, Davide},
DATE = {2022},
EDITION = {1},
ISBN = {978-1-300-09248-3},
TITLE = {The {{Electronic Connector Book}}},
}
@ONLINE{banquecentraleduluxembourgInkstainedBanknotes,
AUTHOR = {{Banque centrale du Luxembourg}},
URL = {https://www.bcl.lu/en/Banknotes-and-Coins/remboursement/billets-macules1/index.html},
TITLE = {Ink-Stained Banknotes},
URLDATE = {2025-11-21},
}
@BOOK{boakHistoryUSCommunications1973,
AUTHOR = {Boak, David G.},
PUBLISHER = {(US) National Security Agency},
URL = {http://archive.org/details/history_comsec-nsa},
ANNOTATION = {2015 re-declassified version contains more material},
DATE = {1973},
KEYWORDS = {NSA},
LANGID = {english},
TITLE = {A {{History}} of {{U}}.{{S}}. {{Communications Security}} ({{The David G}}. {{Boak Lectures}}), {{Volume I}}},
URLDATE = {2025-02-18},
}
@BOOK{boakHistoryUSCommunications1981,
AUTHOR = {Boak, David G.},
PUBLISHER = {(US) National Security Agency},
URL = {http://archive.org/details/history_comsec_ii-nsa},
ANNOTATION = {2015 re-declassified version contains more material},
DATE = {1981},
KEYWORDS = {NSA},
LANGID = {english},
TITLE = {A {{History}} of {{U}}.{{S}}. {{Communications Security}} ({{The David G}}. {{Boak Lectures}}), {{Volume II}}},
URLDATE = {2025-02-18},
}
@PATENT{brodskyCircuitLayoutsTamperrespondent2018,
AUTHOR = {Brodsky, William L. and Busby, James A. and Cohen, Edward N. and Isaacs, Phillip Duane},
HOLDER = {{International Business Machines Corp}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10136519B2/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2018-11-20},
KEYWORDS = {conductive lines,respondent,respondent sensor,sensor,tamper},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {10136519B2},
TITLE = {Circuit Layouts of Tamper-Respondent Sensors},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@BOOK{carterManagingNuclearOperations1987,
EDITOR = {Carter, Ashton and Steinbruner, John D. and Zraket, Charles A. and {Brookings Institution} and {Harvard University}},
LOCATION = {Washington, D.C},
PUBLISHER = {Brookings Institution},
DATE = {1987},
ISBN = {978-0-8157-1313-5 978-0-8157-1314-2},
LANGID = {english},
PAGETOTAL = {751},
TITLE = {Managing Nuclear Operations},
}
@PATENT{cesanaTamperResistantCard2001,
AUTHOR = {Cesana, Mario and Zavatti, Roberto},
HOLDER = {{International Business Machines Corp}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20010056542A1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2001-12-27},
KEYWORDS = {circuit traces,intrusion,resistant enclosure,tamper resistant,traces},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {20010056542A1},
TITLE = {Tamper Resistant Card Enclosure with Improved Intrusion Detection Circuit},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{cesanaSecurityClothDesign2006,
AUTHOR = {Cesana, Mario L. and Farquhar, Donald S. and Taddei, Martino},
HOLDER = {{International Business Machines Corp}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US6982642B1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2006-01-03},
KEYWORDS = {assembly,bonding pad,cloth,extension,wrap},
NUMBER = {6982642B1},
TITLE = {Security Cloth Design and Assembly},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{clarkTamperDetectionSystem2005,
AUTHOR = {Clark, Douglas A.},
HOLDER = {{Pitney Bowes Inc}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US6895509B1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2005-05-17},
KEYWORDS = {node,power source,resistor,transistor,wire loop},
NUMBER = {6895509B1},
TITLE = {Tamper Detection System for Securing Data},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{cobianuLargeAreaDistributed2008,
AUTHOR = {Cobianu, Cornel P. and Georgescu, Ion and Dumitru, Viorel-Georgel},
HOLDER = {{Honeywell International Inc}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080001741A1/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&oq=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&sort=old},
DATE = {2008-01-03},
KEYWORDS = {dielectric film,distributed,distributed electrical,electrical circuit,printed},
NUMBER = {20080001741A1},
TITLE = {Large Area Distributed Sensor},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{cookTamperDetectionCircuit2020,
AUTHOR = {Cook, Timothy E. and Jr, Gerald Thomas Wardrop},
HOLDER = {{Thales eSecurity Inc}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10579833B1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2020-03-03},
KEYWORDS = {conductive lines,group,lid,security processor,signal},
NUMBER = {10579833B1},
TITLE = {Tamper Detection Circuit Assemblies and Related Manufacturing Processes},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{dalphinEnceinteProtegeeAvec1987,
ABSTRACT = {Une enceinte protégée L comporte au moins un élément de paroi E muni d'un interrupteur électrique C1, C2 lui-même protégé par une sonde mince et souple S, B qui d'une part transmet la commande mécanique externe P et d'autre part permet la détection d'une intrusion à ce point faible de l'en­ceinte protégée. Application : Enceinte de sécurité avec clavier de saisie du code d'accès notamment pour système de paiement électronique.},
AUTHOR = {Dalphin, Claude Société Civile S. P. I. D.},
HOLDER = {{Telecommunications Radioelectriques et Telephoniques SA TRT, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0231549A1/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&oq=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&sort=old},
DATE = {1987-08-12},
KEYWORDS = {flexible,layer,probe,protected enclosure,thickness},
NUMBER = {0231549A1},
TITLE = {Enceinte Protégée Avec Interrupteur Électrique et Son Application},
TYPE = {patenteu},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{droegeSicherheitsmodulMitEinteiliger1997,
AUTHOR = {Droege, Hartmut and Fischer, Ludwig and Scheibel, Markus and Sonnentag, Dieter},
HOLDER = {{International Business Machines Corp}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/DE19600769A1/en?q=(H01L23%2f576)&oq=(H01L23%2f576)&sort=old&page=2},
DATE = {1997-07-17},
KEYWORDS = {area,film,module,security,security module},
NUMBER = {19600769A1},
TITLE = {Sicherheitsmodul Mit Einteiliger {{Sicherheitsfolie}}},
TYPE = {patentde},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{elbertSecureCircuitAssembly2006,
AUTHOR = {Elbert, Arcadi and Diep, Alvin},
HOLDER = {{Individual}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20060259788A1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2006-11-16},
KEYWORDS = {boundary area,circuit,circuit board,printed circuit,secure},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {20060259788A1},
TITLE = {Secure Circuit Assembly},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{ElektrischeSicherheitseinrichtungSchutze1932,
HOLDER = {{Individual}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/DE559905C/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&oq=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&sort=old},
DATE = {1932-09-26},
KEYWORDS = {contacts,covering,door,rugs,safe},
NUMBER = {559905C},
TITLE = {Elektrische {{Sicherheitseinrichtung}} Zum {{Schutze}} von {{Geldschraenken}} u. Dgl},
TYPE = {patentde},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@ONLINE{europeancentralbankDamagedInkstainedBanknotes2023,
ABSTRACT = {The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank of the European Union countries which have adopted the euro. Our main task is to maintain price stability in the euro area and so preserve the purchasing power of the single currency.},
AUTHOR = {{European Central Bank}},
URL = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/banknotes/damaged/html/index.en.html},
DATE = {2023-07-10},
LANGID = {english},
TITLE = {Damaged and Ink-Stained Banknotes},
URLDATE = {2025-11-21},
}
@PATENT{hamPrintedcircuitTypeSecurity1971,
ABSTRACT = {A guarding apparatus responsive to violation of the security of an area or space, comprising a printed or similar gridlike circuit configuration of conductors, preferably of resistance characteristic, connected to form one or several continuous trigger circuits. The configuration may be in the nature of printed circuit panels arranged to enclose, preferably completely, the desired area of security, as by constituting part of the walls, floor, junction or connector boxes and the like. The circuitry is connected, as by a cable, to an energized electrical detector which may comprise an instrument movement and a bridge, whereby any shorting or breaking of one or more of the printed or similar conductors will result in a response by the instrument movement.},
AUTHOR = {Ham, Conrad S. and Horwinski, Elwood R.},
HOLDER = {{Lewis Engineering Co}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US3594770A/en?q=(H01L23%2f576)&oq=(H01L23%2f576)&sort=old&page=2},
DATE = {1971-07-20},
KEYWORDS = {bridge,circuit,conductors,grid,printed},
NUMBER = {3594770A},
TITLE = {Printed-Circuit Type Security Apparatus for Protecting Areas},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{heitmannTamperBarrierElectronic2005,
AUTHOR = {Heitmann, Kjell and Clark, Douglas and Perreault, Paul},
HOLDER = {{Pitney Bowes Inc}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20050161253A1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2005-07-28},
KEYWORDS = {circuit board,electrical contact,layer,printed circuit,traces},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {20050161253A1},
TITLE = {Tamper Barrier for Electronic Device},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{heitmannMethodMakingTamper2009,
AUTHOR = {Heitmann, Kjell A. and Clark, Douglas A. and Perreault, Paul G.},
HOLDER = {{Pitney Bowes Inc}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US7475474B2/en?q=(tamper+monitoring+circuit)&oq=tamper+monitoring+circuit&page=2},
DATE = {2009-01-13},
KEYWORDS = {circuit board,pcb,printed circuit,tamper,traces},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {7475474B2},
TITLE = {Method of Making Tamper Detection Circuit for an Electronic Device},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{hennigApparatusMethodComprising2020,
AUTHOR = {Hennig, Maxim and Schimmel, Oliver and Zieris, Philipp and Filipovic, Bartol},
HOLDER = {{Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10592665B2/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2020-03-17},
KEYWORDS = {carrier,circuit structures,component,implemented,result},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {14867889},
TITLE = {Apparatus and Method Comprising a Carrier with Circuit Structures},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@BOOK{horowitzArtElectronics2024,
AUTHOR = {Horowitz, Paul and Hill, Winfield},
LOCATION = {Cambridge, New York},
PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
DATE = {2024},
EDITION = {Third edition, 21st printing with corrections},
ISBN = {978-0-521-80926-9},
LANGID = {english},
PAGETOTAL = {1230},
TITLE = {The Art of Electronics},
}
@BOOK{huangHardwareHackerAdventures2019,
ABSTRACT = {Intro -- Praise for The Hardware Hacker -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Acknowledgments -- brief contents -- contents in detail -- preface -- part 1: adventures in manufacturing -- Chapter 1. made in china -- The Ultimate Electronic Component Flea Market -- The Next Technological Revolution -- Touring Factories with Chumby -- Scale in Shenzhen -- Feeding the Factory -- Dedication to Quality -- Building Technology Without Using It -- Skilled Workers -- The Need for Craftspeople -- Automation for Electronics Assembly -- Precision, Injection Molding, and Patience -- The Challenge of Quality -- Closing Thoughts -- Chapter 2. inside three very different factories -- Where Arduinos Are Born -- Starting with a Sheet of Copper -- Applying the PCB Pattern to the Copper -- Etching the PCBs -- Applying Soldermask and Silkscreen -- Testing and Finishing the Boards -- Where USB Memory Sticks Are Born -- The Beginning of a USB Stick -- Hand-Placing Chips on a PCB -- Bonding the Chips to the PCB -- A Close Look at the USB Stick Boards -- A Tale of Two Zippers -- A Fully Automated Process -- A Semiautomated Process -- The Irony of Scarcity and Demand -- Chapter 3. the factory floor -- How to Make a Bill of Materials -- A Simple BOM for a Bicycle Safety Light -- Approved Manufacturers -- Tolerance, Composition, and Voltage Specification -- Electronic Component Form Factor -- Extended Part Numbers -- The Bicycle Safety Light BOM Revisited -- Planning for and Coping with Change -- Process Optimization: Design for Manufacturing -- Why DFM? -- Tolerances to Consider -- Following DFM Helps Your Bottom Line -- The Product Behind Your Product -- Testing vs. Validation -- Finding Balance in Industrial Design -- The chumby One's Trim and Finish -- The Arduino Uno's Silkscreen Art -- My Design Process -- Picking (and Maintaining) a Partner},
AUTHOR = {Huang, Andrew ``bunnie''},
LOCATION = {San Francisco},
PUBLISHER = {No Starch Press},
DATE = {2019},
ISBN = {978-1-59327-758-1 978-1-59327-813-7},
LANGID = {english},
SHORTTITLE = {The {{Hardware Hacker}}},
TITLE = {The {{Hardware Hacker}}: {{Adventures}} in {{Making}} and {{Breaking Hardware}}},
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{immlerBTREPIDBatterylessTamperresistant2018,
ABSTRACT = {Protecting embedded devices against physical attacks is a challenging task since the attacker has control of the device in a hostile environment. To address this issue, current countermeasures typically use a battery-backed tamper-respondent envelope that encloses the entire device to create a trusted compartment. However, the battery affects the system's robustness and weight, and also leads to difficulties with the security mechanism while shipping the device. In contrast, we present a batteryless tamper-resistant envelope, which contains a fine mesh of electrodes, and its complementary security concept. An evaluation unit checks the integrity of the sensor mesh by detecting short and open circuits. Additionally, it measures the capacitances of the mesh. Once its preliminary integrity is confirmed, a cryptographic key is derived from the capacitive measurements that represent a PUF, to decrypt and authenticate the firmware of the enclosed host system. We demonstrate the feasibility of our concept, provide details on the layout and electrical properties of the batteryless envelope, and explain the underlying security architecture. Practical results from a set of manufactured envelopes facilitate future research.},
AUTHOR = {Immler, Vincent and Obermaier, Johannes and König, Martin and Hiller, Matthias and Sig, Georg},
PUBLISHER = {IEEE},
DATE = {2018-04},
DOI = {10.1109/HST.2018.8383890},
EVENTTITLE = {International {{Symposium}} on {{Hardware Oriented Security}} and {{Trust}} ({{HOST}})},
KEYWORDS = {Batteries,Capacitance,Capacitance measurement,Cryptography,FIPS 140-2,Higher-Order Alphabet PUF (HOA PUF),Monitoring,Physical Unclonable Function (PUF),Runtime,Secure Bootstrap,Security Standards,Tamper-resistance},
PAGES = {49--56},
SHORTTITLE = {B-{{TREPID}}},
TITLE = {B-{{TREPID}}: {{Batteryless}} Tamper-Resistant Envelope with a {{PUF}} and Integrity Detection},
URLDATE = {2025-04-04},
}
@ARTICLE{immlerSecurePhysicalEnclosures2018,
ABSTRACT = {Ensuring physical security of multiple-chip embedded systems on a PCB is challenging, since the attacker can control the device in a hostile environment. To detect physical intruders as part of a layered approach to security, it is common to create a physical security boundary that is difficult to penetrate or remove, e.g., enclosures created from tamper-respondent envelopes or covers. Their physical integrity is usually checked by active sensing, i.e., a battery-backed circuit continuously monitors the enclosure. However, adoption is often hampered by the disadvantages of a battery and due to specialized equipment which is required to create the enclosure. In contrast, we present a batteryless tamper-resistant cover made from standard flexPCB technology, i.e., a commercially widespread, scalable, and proven technology. The cover comprises a fine mesh of electrodes and an evaluation unit underneath the cover checks their integrity by detecting short and open circuits. Additionally, it measures the capacitances between the electrodes of the mesh. Once its preliminary integrity is confirmed, a cryptographic key is derived from the capacitive measurements representing a PUF, to decrypt and authenticate sensitive data of the enclosed system. We demonstrate the feasibility of our concept, provide details on the layout, electrical properties of the cover, and explain the underlying security architecture. Practical results including statistics over a set of 115 flexPCB covers, physical attacks, and environmental testing support our design rationale. Hence, our work opens up a new direction of counteracting physical tampering without the need of batteries, while aiming at a physical security level comparable to FIPS 140-2 level 3.},
AUTHOR = {Immler, Vincent and Obermaier, Johannes and Ng, Kuan Kuan and Ke, Fei Xiang and Lee, JinYu and Lim, Yak Peng and Oh, Wei Koon and Wee, Keng Hoong and Sigl, Georg},
DATE = {2018-11-09},
DOI = {10.46586/tches.v2019.i1.51-96},
JOURNALTITLE = {IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems},
PAGES = {51--96},
SHORTJOURNAL = {TCHES},
TITLE = {Secure {{Physical Enclosures}} from {{Covers}} with {{Tamper-Resistance}}},
URLDATE = {2025-04-09},
}
@PATENT{ImprovementElectromagneticEnvelopes1870,
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US110362A/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)&oq=(G08B13%2f126)&sort=old},
DATE = {1870-12-20},
KEYWORDS = {electro,envelope,lining,safes,vaults},
NUMBER = {110362A},
TITLE = {Improvement in Electro-Magnetic Envelopes for Safes, Vaults},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{ImprovementProtectingSafes1870,
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US106324A/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)&oq=(G08B13%2f126)&sort=old},
DATE = {1870-08-16},
KEYWORDS = {burglars,conductor,improvement,safe,vaults},
NUMBER = {106324A},
TITLE = {Improvement in Protecting Safes and Vaults from Burglars},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@BOOK{iaea2011,
AUTHOR = {{International Atomic Energy Agency}},
DATE = {2011},
ISBN = {978-92-0-118910-3},
SERIES = {International Nuclear Verification Series},
TITLE = {Safeguards, Techniques and Equipment},
URLDATE = {2021-04-01},
VOLUME = {1},
}
@ONLINE{ISOIEC19790,
ABSTRACT = {Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Security requirements for cryptographic modules},
ORGANIZATION = {ISO},
URL = {https://www.iso.org/standard/82423.html},
LANGID = {english},
SHORTTITLE = {{{ISO}}/{{IEC}} 19790},
TITLE = {{{ISO}}/{{IEC}} 19790:2025},
URLDATE = {2025-05-15},
}
@PATENT{joyceMethodDetectPenetration1996,
AUTHOR = {Joyce, Richard J. and Kramer, Allan R.},
HOLDER = {{Hughes Aircraft Co}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US5568124A/en?oq=US5568124A},
DATE = {1996-10-22},
KEYWORDS = {conduit means,conduits,frangible,protected,substrate},
NUMBER = {5568124A},
TITLE = {Method to Detect Penetration of a Surface and Apparatus Implementing Same},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{kleijneSecurityDeviceSecure1986,
AUTHOR = {Kleijne, Theodoor A.},
HOLDER = {{NCR Corp}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US4593384A/en?oq=US4593384A},
DATE = {1986-06-03},
KEYWORDS = {housing,memory,responsive,sensitive data,signal},
NUMBER = {4593384A},
TITLE = {Security Device for the Secure Storage of Sensitive Data},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@ONLINE{krusesicherheitssystemeDatenblattKRUSEFWSchlusseldepot2018,
AUTHOR = {{Kruse Sicherheitssysteme}},
URL = {https://kruse-shop.de/media/pdf/e3/c0/6c/MA-KRUSE-FW-Schluesseldepot-FSD-D-E_Rev1-3-20-12-18.pdf},
DATE = {2018-12},
TITLE = {Datenblatt {{KRUSE FW-Schlüsseldepot}} Basic},
URLDATE = {2025-10-30},
}
@ONLINE{lpkflaser&electronicsagLPKFLDSLaser2014,
AUTHOR = {{LPKF Laser \& Electronics AG}},
URL = {https://www.lpkf.com/fileadmin/mediafiles/user_upload/products/pdf/EQ/3D-MID-LDS/brochure_lpkf_laser_direct_structuring_en.pdf},
DATE = {2014},
TITLE = {{{LPKF LDS}}: {{Laser Direct Structuring}} for {{3D Molded Interconnect Devices}}},
URLDATE = {2025-11-07},
}
@PATENT{macphersonTamperRespondentEnclosure1999,
AUTHOR = {MacPherson, Hugh},
HOLDER = {{WL Gore and Associates Inc}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US5858500A/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {1999-01-12},
KEYWORDS = {delamination,enclosure,layer,respondent,sheet},
NUMBER = {5858500A},
TITLE = {Tamper Respondent Enclosure},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{macphersonImprovementsSecurityEnclosures1993,
ABSTRACT = {A security enclosure comprises a flexible sheet (60) of insulating material extending over the whole of the area of the enclosure and carrying lines (62, 64) of electrically - responsive material on each side. The lines on one side of the sheet (60) extend obliquely relative to the lines on the other side of the sheet and are connected thereto at edge portions of the sheet to form a plurality of conductors so divid - ing the sheet into a number of relatively small areas so that attempted opening of the enclosure changes an electrical characteristic of the conductors. Con - nectors (70) are provided at an edge portion of the sheet (60) for individually connecting the conductors to a detector (88) for detecting the changes in the electrical characteristic of the lines (62, 64). The connectors (70) include a switch arrangement which is selectively configured to connect further connec - tors (72) associated with the detector (88) with se - lected conductors. One edge portion of the sheet includes a plurality of line switches (66a - d) which are selectively configured to connect each one of the lines (62a - d) on one side of the sheet with a selected one of a plurality of lines (64a - d) on the other side of the sheet.},
AUTHOR = {Macpherson, Hugh},
HOLDER = {{WL Gore and Associates UK Ltd}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0540139A2/en?q=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&oq=(G08B13%2f126)+wheatstone&sort=old},
DATE = {1993-05-05},
KEYWORDS = {conductors,edges,enclosure,lines,sheet},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {0540139A2},
TITLE = {Improvements in Security Enclosures},
TYPE = {patenteu},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@ONLINE{mikeselectricstuffNeopostPostalFranking2023,
ABSTRACT = {A look at some machines for printing money... sort of! mikeselectricstuff merch : https://mikeselectricstuff.creator-sp...},
AUTHOR = {{mikeselectricstuff}},
URL = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eO7AoHI2Tpk},
DATE = {2023-10-03},
TITLE = {Neopost {{Postal Franking Machines}}},
URLDATE = {2025-02-17},
}
@ARTICLE{obermaier2018,
AUTHOR = {Obermaier, Johannes and Immler, Vincent},
DATE = {2018},
DOI = {10.1007/s41635-018-0045-2},
JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Hardware and Systems Security},
PAGES = {289--296},
TITLE = {The Past, Present, and Future of Physical Security Enclosures: {{From}} Battery-Backed Monitoring to {{PUF-based}} Inherent Security and Beyond},
VOLUME = {2},
}
@PATENT{obermaierPUFfilmMethodProducing2023,
AUTHOR = {Obermaier, Johannes and Immler, Vincent and Hesselbarth, Robert},
HOLDER = {{Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US11586780B2/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2023-02-21},
KEYWORDS = {circuit,conductive traces,film,layer,puf},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {11586780B2},
TITLE = {{{PUF-film}} and Method for Producing the Same},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@ONLINE{oberthurcashprotectionIntroductionCashProtection2019,
AUTHOR = {{Oberthur Cash Protection}},
URL = {https://www.oberthurcp.com/hubfs/Oberthur_December2020/Pdf/IBNS_Introduction_to_ink_staining_Oberthur_Cash_Protection_2019.pdf},
ANNOTATION = {Archived: https://web.archive.org/web/20250822134238/https://www.oberthurcp.com/hubfs/Oberthur\_December2020/Pdf/IBNS\_Introduction\_to\_ink\_staining\_Oberthur\_Cash\_Protection\_2019.pdf},
DATE = {2019},
TITLE = {Introduction to {{Cash Protection}}: {{Intelligent Banknote Neutralization Systems}}},
URLDATE = {2025-11-21},
}
@PATENT{perreaultSystemMethodInstalling2005,
AUTHOR = {Perreault, Paul and Clark, Douglas and Heitmann, Kjell},
HOLDER = {{Pitney Bowes Inc}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US20050160702A1/en?q=(tamper)&assignee=Gore+%26+Ass},
DATE = {2005-07-28},
KEYWORDS = {circuit board,installation tool,printed circuit,tamper,wrap},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {20050160702A1},
TITLE = {System and Method for Installing a Tamper Barrier Wrap in a {{PCB}} Assembly, Including a {{PCB}} Assembly Having Improved Heat Sinking},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{phamAntitamperMesh2011,
AUTHOR = {Pham, Cuong V. and Chubin, David E. and Clarke, Robert A. and Kuan, Aaron D.},
HOLDER = {{Teledyne Technologies Inc}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US7947911B1/en},
DATE = {2011-05-24},
KEYWORDS = {conductive,conductive pattern,electronic device,mesh,pattern},
NUMBER = {7947911B1},
TITLE = {Anti-Tamper Mesh},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@PATENT{razaghiCircuitBoardHold2019,
AUTHOR = {Razaghi, Mani},
HOLDER = {{Square Inc}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US10251260B1/en?q=(H01L23%2f576)&oq=(H01L23%2f576)&sort=old},
DATE = {2019-04-02},
KEYWORDS = {board,conductive,detection circuit,tamper,tamper detection},
NUMBER = {10251260B1},
TITLE = {Circuit Board to Hold Connector Pieces for Tamper Detection Circuit},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@ONLINE{SD04203RB25D5,
AUTHOR = {{Securitas Technology GmbH}},
ORGANIZATION = {Setec Sicherheitstechnik},
URL = {https://setec-security.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/SD-04203RB25-D5.pdf},
DATE = {2019},
TITLE = {{{SD-04203RB25-D5}}},
URLDATE = {2025-10-30},
}
@ARTICLE{smithBuildingHighperformanceProgrammable1999,
ABSTRACT = {Secure coprocessors enable secure distributed applications by providing safe havens where an application program can execute Žand accumulate state., free of observation and interference by an adversary with direct physical access to the device. However, for these coprocessors to be effective, participants in such applications must be able to verify that they are interacting with an authentic program on an authentic, untampered device. Furthermore, secure coprocessors that support general-purpose computation and will be manufactured and distributed as commercial products must provide these core sanctuary and authentication properties while also meeting many additional challenges, including: Ø the applications, operating system, and underlying security management may all come from different, mutually suspicious authorities; Ø configuration and maintenance must occur in a hostile environment, while minimizing disruption of operations; Ø the device must be able to recover from the vulnerabilities that inevitably emerge in complex software; Ø physical security dictates that the device itself can never be opened and examined; and Ø ever-evolving cryptographic requirements dictate that hardware accelerators be supported by reloadable on-card software. This paper summarizes the hardware, software, and cryptographic architecture we developed to address these problems. Furthermore, with our colleagues, we have implemented this solution, into a commercially available product. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
AUTHOR = {Smith, Sean W and Weingart, Steve},
DATE = {1999-04},
DOI = {10.1016/S1389-1286(98)00019-X},
JOURNALTITLE = {Computer Networks},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {8},
PAGES = {831--860},
SHORTJOURNAL = {Computer Networks},
TITLE = {Building a High-Performance, Programmable Secure Coprocessor},
URLDATE = {2025-11-04},
VOLUME = {31},
}
@PATENT{suttonElectricallyprotectedStructure1902,
AUTHOR = {Sutton, Henry M. and Steele, Walter L. and Coerver, Michael},
HOLDER = {{Individual}},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/US708093A/en?oq=US708093},
DATE = {1902-09-02},
KEYWORDS = {circuit,grooves,protected,wires,wiring},
LANGID = {english},
NUMBER = {708093A},
TITLE = {Electrically-Protected Structure},
TYPE = {patentus},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}
@ONLINE{LunaNetworkHSM,
AUTHOR = {{Thales Group}},
URL = {https://thalesdocs.com/gphsm/luna/7/docs/network/Content/PDF_Network/FM%20SDK%20Programming%20Guide.pdf},
DATE = {2025-11-26},
LANGID = {english},
TITLE = {Thales {{Luna Network HSM}} 7 {{Functionality Module Software Development Kit Guide}}},
URLDATE = {2025-12-01},
}
@ARTICLE{tolkSafeguardsSensorsSystems2007,
ABSTRACT = {Sensors are a vital and critical element in measuring and monitoring systems for technical safeguards approaches. Safeguards sensors have evolved from standalone analog devices to integrated digital systems. Safeguards sensor technologies are a niche market that has been driven by other commercial and military demands and applications. Developers and manufacturers have successfully adapted technologies of the day to be effective products for safeguards applications. In this paper commemorating the first fifty years of the International Atomic Energy Agency and its role in the peaceful uses of atomic energy and international safeguards, we highlight the evolution of sensor technologies applied to international safeguards. This history began with the use of cameras and seals for containment and surveillance to maintain continuity of knowledge on safeguarded materials and activities. The current international safeguards norm is based on a combination of onsite verification measures and unattended and remote measurement and monitoring systems. The near-term need for detection of undeclared nuclear materials, facilities, and activities will likely be addressed by the engineering development of several novel technologies. The long-range development of safeguards sensor systems will be shaped by research in materials, computing, and communication technologies.},
AUTHOR = {Tolk, Keith and Mangan, Dennis and Glidewell, Don and Matter, John and Whichello, Julian},
DATE = {2007-07-01},
ISSN = {0893-6188},
JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Nuclear Materials Management},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {101--110},
SHORTJOURNAL = {Journal of Nuclear Materials Management},
SHORTTITLE = {Safeguards {{Sensors}} and {{Systems}}},
TITLE = {Safeguards {{Sensors}} and {{Systems}}: {{Past}}, {{Present}}, and {{Future}}},
VOLUME = {35},
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{vasileProtectingSecretsAdvanced2019,
ABSTRACT = {Cryptographic modules and security circuits are the kernels of every piece of equipment that process security data. No matter where they are deployed, the equipment must be protected against physical attacks, as no one can access the electronic circuits that process the security data: firmware implementations, cryptographic keys and secret data. The most effective way to protect this kind of electronic circuits is to wrap them in a special conductive mesh and probe it with proper signals in order to detect intrusions. This paper provides a complete solution for intrusions detection: a system made of a special conductive mesh and an active tamper detection circuit. The conductive mesh consists of three layers that detect intrusions earlier than the effective penetration of the mesh. The active tamper detection circuit is designed to probe the mesh with signals that cannot be emulated by an adversary.},
AUTHOR = {Vasile, Daniel-Ciprian and Svasta, Paul},
PUBLISHER = {IEEE},
DATE = {2019-10},
DOI = {10.1109/SIITME47687.2019.8990877},
EVENTTITLE = {25th {{International Symposium}} for {{Design}} and {{Technology}} in {{Electronic Packaging}} ({{SIITME}})},
KEYWORDS = {anti-tamper,cryptography,mesh,security},
PAGES = {212--215},
SHORTTITLE = {Protecting the {{Secrets}}},
TITLE = {Protecting the {{Secrets}}: {{Advanced Technique}} for {{Active Tamper Detection Systems}}},
URLDATE = {2024-12-13},
}
@PATENT{weidnerHardwareschutzFormHalbschalen2007,
AUTHOR = {Weidner, Karl and Wimmer, Anton},
HOLDER = {{Siemens Aktiengesellschaft}},
LOCATION = {WO},
URL = {https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2007003227A1/en?oq=WO2007003227A1},
DATE = {2007-01-11},
KEYWORDS = {circuit,hardware,hardware protection,protected,substrate},
LANGID = {ngerman},
NUMBER = {WO2007003227A1},
TITLE = {Hardwareschutz in Form von zu Halbschalen tiefgezogenen Leiterplatten},
TYPE = {patent},
URLDATE = {2025-09-10},
}