\chapter{Conclusion}
\newpage

In this thesis, we propose Inertial Hardware Security Modules (IHSMs), a new approach to physical security that combines
conventional tamper-sensing meshes with physical movement to bootstrap a highly secure system from low-security,
off-the-shelf parts. To motivate our research, we show on the German national digital health record system how hardware
security is hard to achieve in practice. Besides some minor cryptographic oddities, our analysis reveals at least one
essential specification mistake that negates the hardware security of the system by unnecessarily introducing a poorly
protected HSM. We provide a deep analyses of two key engineering challenges in IHSM construction, mesh monitoring and
power transfer. We propose a low-cost TDR-based mesh monitoring system that exceeds the capabilities of previous systems
from academic or from patent literature. Our system is capable of monitoring large meshes while simultaneously providing
detailed results. Our TDR-based mesh monitoring system is of independent interest, since it can also be integrated into
traditional HSM designs. We additionally propose a new, generalized design for high-frequency PCB inductors with low
parasitic capacitance. Our design provides better bandwidth and lower parasitic capacitance compared to the state of the
art without increasing implementation cost. We conclude this thesis with two chapters elaborating on two new use cases
that are made possible by IHSM technology due to its ability to protect large payloads that have high power consumption.

The research presented in this thesis is aimed at advancing both academic research and applied engineering in hardware
security. We believe that by publishing our research including its artifacts under open-source licenses, we provide the
basis for future research in tamper-sensing technology, a field that remains under-served in today's academic landscape.

Recent history has shown that state-level adversaries are a mounting threat to civil rights organizations, human rights
lawyers, members of minorities, and many others. While western democracies used to be considered safe havens of human
rights, today human rights are under attack both from within and from the outside in countries across the globe.
Publishing IHSM technology as open source, we hope to provide one building block for new computing systems accessible to
all that are resilient and secure in the face of growing adversity.

\todo{Go into future applications?}