@ARTICLE{awuahNovelCoilDesign2023,
  ABSTRACT = {The power transfer efficiency (PTE) is a crucial aspect for effective wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. The quality factor (Q) of the WPT coil plays a critical role in ensuring higher PTE. In this paper, a novel method of improving the Q of a WPT coil is proposed. Resistance reduction techniques are presented which involves variation of the trace pitch, width, and thickness. This approach targets the high AC losses centered in the inner turns, which subsequently results in an increased Q. Numerical analysis with respect to the inductance and resistance models are presented, analyzed, and compared to that of the EM simulation results. To verify the efficacy of the proposed coil structure, a prototype is fabricated where good agreement is achieved between the measured and simulated results. The proposed coil attained a quality factor increment of about 19.24\% at 85~kHz in comparison to the conventional one. The proposed technique can be used to optimize planar spiral coils to attain higher Q.},
  AUTHOR = {Awuah, Charles Marfo and Danuor, Patrick and Moon, Jung-Ick and Jung, Young-Bae},
  PUBLISHER = {Nature Publishing Group},
  URL = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-31389-y},
  DATE = {2023-03-14},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41598-023-31389-y},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2023_Awuah et al_Novel coil design and analysis for high-power wireless power transfer with.pdf},
  ISSN = {2045-2322},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Scientific Reports},
  KEYWORDS = {Electrical and electronic engineering,Power stations},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {4187},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Sci Rep},
  TITLE = {Novel Coil Design and Analysis for High-Power Wireless Power Transfer with Enhanced {{Q-factor}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-06-21},
  VOLUME = {13},
}

@ARTICLE{batraEffectFerriteAddition2015,
  ABSTRACT = {Power transfer capability of wireless power transfer systems is highly dependent on the magnetic design of the primary and secondary inductors and is measured quantitatively by the coupling factor. The inductors are designed by placing the coil over a ferrite base to increase the coupling factor and reduce magnetic emissions to the surroundings. Effect of adding extra ferrite above the base ferrite at different physical locations on the self-inductance, mutual inductance, and coupling factor is under investigation in this paper. The addition can increase or decrease the mutual inductance depending on the placement of ferrite. Also, the addition of ferrite increases the self-inductance of the coils, and there is a probability for an overall decrease in the coupling factor. Correct placement of ferrite, on the other hand, can increase the coupling factor relatively higher than the base ferrite as it is closer to the other inductor. Ferrite being a heavy compound of iron increases the inductor weight significantly and needs to be added judiciously. Four zones have been identified in the paper, which shows different sensitivity to addition of ferrite in terms of the two inductances and coupling factor. Simulation and measurement results are presented for different air gaps between the coils and at different gap distances between the ferrite base and added ferrite. This paper is beneficial in improving the coupling factor while adding minimum weight to wireless power transfer system.},
  AUTHOR = {Batra, T. and Schaltz, E. and Ahn, S.},
  URL = {https://pubs.aip.org/jap/article/117/17/17D517/387226/Effect-of-ferrite-addition-above-the-base-ferrite},
  DATE = {2015-05-07},
  DOI = {10.1063/1.4919039},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/YYVWKXCV/Batra et al. - 2015 - Effect of ferrite addition above the base ferrite .pdf},
  ISSN = {0021-8979, 1089-7550},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Applied Physics},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {17},
  PAGES = {17D517},
  TITLE = {Effect of Ferrite Addition above the Base Ferrite on the Coupling Factor of Wireless Power Transfer for Vehicle Applications},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-30},
  VOLUME = {117},
}

@ARTICLE{curranModelingCharacterizationPCB2015,
  ABSTRACT = {Wireless charging is emerging as a viable technology in many industries, including consumer, medical, and sensor electronics. An investigation of design principles is conducted for a wireless charging platform that is designed to charge devices of different sizes and technologies, using only through vias. It is shown that at a 5 mm separation distance, a coupling coefficient can be achieved which varies from 0.12 to 0.37 when staggered hexagonal transmitter coils (approximately 5 cm across) are used with an unstaggered square receiver coil, which declines to 0.06–0.11 at 2 cm separation. Without design measures, the coupling coefficient will approach zero at certain positions. The quality factors of the coils can be improved by stacking the coils in parallel, enabling the use of only through-vias, while the inductance can be controlled horizontally by increasing the number of turns in the inductor.},
  AUTHOR = {Curran, Brian and Maaß, Uwe and Fotheringham, Gerhard and Stevens, Nobby and Ndip, Ivan and Lang, Klaus-Dieter},
  URL = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2052841815000147/type/journal_article},
  DATE = {2015-09},
  DOI = {10.1017/wpt.2015.14},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/G9UFDMFK/Curran et al. - 2015 - Modeling and characterization of PCB coils for ind.pdf},
  ISSN = {2052-8418},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Wireless Power Transfer},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {127--133},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Wirel Pow Transfer},
  TITLE = {Modeling and Characterization of {{PCB}} Coils for Inductive Wireless Charging},
  URLDATE = {2023-10-31},
  VOLUME = {2},
}

@ARTICLE{daneshDifferentiallyDrivenSymmetric2002,
  ABSTRACT = {A differentially excited symmetric inductor that enhances inductor quality (Q) factor on silicon RFICs is presented. Compared with an equivalent single-ended configuration, experimental data demonstrate that the differential inductor offers a 50\% greater Q factor and a broader range of operating frequencies. Predictions from full-wave simulations and a physics-based SPICE-compatible model are validated by experimental measurements on an inductor fabricated in a triple-level metal silicon technology. Application of the symmetric inductor to a cross-coupled oscillator improves output voltage swing and phase noise by 75\% and 1.8 dB, respectively (for a given power consumption), while chip area is reduced by 35\% compared to conventional inductor equivalents.},
  AUTHOR = {Danesh, M. and Long, J.R.},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/981285/?arnumber=981285},
  DATE = {2002-01},
  DOI = {10.1109/22.981285},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Microwave Theory}} and {{Techniques}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Danesh_Long_2002_Differentially driven symmetric microstrip inductors.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/M8393BNA/981285.html},
  ISSN = {1557-9670},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques},
  KEYWORDS = {Frequency,Inductors,Microstrip,Phase noise,Predictive models,Q factor,Radiofrequency integrated circuits,Semiconductor device measurement,Silicon,Voltage-controlled oscillators},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {332--341},
  TITLE = {Differentially Driven Symmetric Microstrip Inductors},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-31},
  VOLUME = {50},
}

@INCOLLECTION{eppenAnforderungenEinzelteileRundfunkempfanger1927,
  AUTHOR = {Eppen, F.},
  EDITOR = {Wagner, K. W.},
  LOCATION = {Berlin},
  PUBLISHER = {Verlag von Julius Springer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Die Wissenschaftlichen {{Grundlagen}} Des {{Rundfunkempfangs}}},
  DATE = {1927},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductors},
  TITLE = {Anforderungen an Die {{Einzelteile}} Der {{Rundfunkempfänger}}; {{Gesichtspunkte}} Für Den {{Bau}} Der {{Geräte}}},
}

@ARTICLE{fanSimultaneousWirelessPower2024,
  ABSTRACT = {This article proposes a simultaneous wireless power and coil inductance-insensitive data transfer system for rotary structures. Power and data are transferred simultaneously via a pair of coupled coils, adopting frequency division multiplexing technology. The data carrier is injected into and extracted from the power transfer channel by inductors connected serially with the coupled coils and by multiplexing the compensation networks of the power transfer channel. The transfer gain of the data transfer channel is insensitive to the inductances of the coupled coils within a certain interval. LCLC compensation topology is proposed to realize constant voltage output and to filter the high-order harmonics out of the power transfer channel, reducing the total harmonic distortion and creating a favorable condition for simultaneous data transfer. The circuit model is built to analyze the power and data transfer performance, and the complex-frequency-domain model of the system is established to analyze the responses of power interference. Finally, the feasibility of the technology proposed is verified by a 300 W prototype with a data rate of 40 kbps.},
  AUTHOR = {Fan, Yuanshuang and Hu, Hongsheng and Sun, Yue and Hu, Han and Wu, Sihan},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10440478/},
  DATE = {2024-05},
  DOI = {10.1109/TPEL.2024.3367295},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/LJIBXD6I/Fan et al. - 2024 - A Simultaneous Wireless Power and Coil Inductance .pdf},
  ISSN = {0885-8993, 1941-0107},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {6526--6536},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Power Electron.},
  TITLE = {A {{Simultaneous Wireless Power}} and {{Coil Inductance Insensitive Data Transfer System}} for {{Rotary Structures}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-06-21},
  VOLUME = {39},
}

@BOOK{filbigLehrbuchHochfrequenztechnik1942,
  AUTHOR = {Filbig, Fritz},
  PUBLISHER = {Akad. Verlag Becker \& Erler},
  DATE = {1942},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductors},
  TITLE = {Lehrbuch Der {{Hochfrequenztechnik}}},
  VOLUME = {1},
}

@BOOK{flemingPrinciplesElectricWave1910,
  AUTHOR = {Fleming, J. A.},
  PUBLISHER = {Longmans, Green, and Co.},
  DATE = {1910},
  EDITION = {2},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductor},
  TITLE = {The {{Principles}} of {{Electric Wave Telegraphy}} and {{Telephony}}},
}

@SOFTWARE{GerbonaraToolsHandle,
  URL = {https://gitlab.com/gerbolyze/gerbonara},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/9XQ63WGV/gerbonara.html},
  KEYWORDS = {Artistic Software,excellon,gerber,Multimedia - Graphics,pcb,Printing,Scientific/Engineering,Scientific/Engineering - Electronic Design Automation (EDA),Scientific/Engineering - Image Processing,Utilities},
  SHORTTITLE = {Gerbonara},
  TITLE = {Gerbonara: {{Tools}} to Handle {{Gerber}} and {{Excellon}} Files in {{Python}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-03},
  VERSION = {1.4.0},
}

@ARTICLE{geuzaineGmsh3DFinite2009,
  ABSTRACT = {Abstract Gmsh is an open‐source 3‐D finite element grid generator with a build‐in CAD engine and post‐processor. Its design goal is to provide a fast, light and user‐friendly meshing tool with parametric input and advanced visualization capabilities. This paper presents the overall philosophy, the main design choices and some of the original algorithms implemented in Gmsh. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
  AUTHOR = {Geuzaine, Christophe and Remacle, Jean‐François},
  URL = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nme.2579},
  DATE = {2009-09-10},
  DOI = {10.1002/nme.2579},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2009_Geuzaine_Remacle_Gmsh.pdf},
  ISSN = {0029-5981, 1097-0207},
  JOURNALTITLE = {International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {11},
  PAGES = {1309--1331},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Numerical Meth Engineering},
  SHORTTITLE = {Gmsh},
  TITLE = {Gmsh: {{A}} 3‐{{D}} Finite Element Mesh Generator with Built‐in Pre‐ and Post‐processing Facilities},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-03},
  VOLUME = {79},
}

@ARTICLE{gotteCantTouchThis2022,
  ABSTRACT = {In this paper, we introduce a novel countermeasure against physical attacks: Inertial Hardware Security Modules (IHSMs). Conventional systems have in common that their security requires the crafting of fine sensor structures that respond to minute manipulations of the monitored security boundary or volume. Our approach is novel in that we reduce the sensitivity requirement of security meshes and other sensors and increase the complexity of any manipulations by rotating the security mesh or sensor at high speed—thereby presenting a moving target to an attacker. Attempts to stop the rotation are easily monitored with commercial MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes. Our approach leads to an HSM that can easily be built from off-the-shelf parts by any university electronics lab, yet offers a level of security that is comparable to commercial HSMs. We have built a proof-of-concept hardware prototype that demonstrates solutions to the concept’s main engineering challenges. As part of this proof-of-concept, we have found that a system using a coarse security mesh made from commercial printed circuit boards and an automotive high-g-force accelerometer already provides a useful level of security.},
  AUTHOR = {Götte, Jan Sebastian and Scheuermann, Björn},
  URL = {https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/9290},
  DATE = {2022},
  DOI = {10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.69-93},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2022_Götte_Scheuermann_Can’t Touch This.pdf},
  ISSN = {2569-2925},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems},
  KEYWORDS = {electronic commerce,hardware security,implementation,smart cards},
  LANGID = {english},
  PAGES = {69--93},
  SHORTTITLE = {Can’t {{Touch This}}},
  TITLE = {Can’t {{Touch This}}: {{Inertial HSMs Thwart Advanced Physical Attacks}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-11-08},
}

@ARTICLE{hsuAnalyticalDesignAlgorithm2008,
  ABSTRACT = {A layout design algorithm for a variable-width inductor is proposed to minimize metal resistance. For a given chip area, the proposed algorithm can rapidly design metal widths of each coil in a planar inductor due to the analytical form. Two on-chip inductors with identical chip areas and inductance are fabricated to verify the proposed method in foundry 90-nm CMOS technology. Measurement results demonstrate that the improvement of metal resistance in the proposed device is approximately 19\%. The results of this paper provide an effective algorithm to design a high-Q inductor for RFIC applications.},
  AUTHOR = {Hsu, Heng-Ming and Chan, Kai-Yuen and Chien, Hung-Chi and Kuan, Han-Chien},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4668566/?arnumber=4668566},
  DATE = {2008-11},
  DOI = {10.1109/TED.2008.2004248},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Electron Devices}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2008_Hsu et al_Analytical Design Algorithm of Planar Inductor Layout in CMOS Technology.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/CKPP397K/4668566.html},
  ISSN = {1557-9646},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices},
  KEYWORDS = {Analytical algorithm,CMOS integrated circuits,CMOS technology,Inductors,Layout,minimum resistance,on-chip inductor,Radiofrequency integrated circuits,Resistance,variable width},
  NUMBER = {11},
  PAGES = {3208--3213},
  TITLE = {Analytical {{Design Algorithm}} of {{Planar Inductor Layout}} in {{CMOS Technology}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-11-08},
  VOLUME = {55},
}

@ONLINE{KiCadEDA,
  ABSTRACT = {A Cross Platform and Open Source Electronics Design Automation Suite},
  URL = {https://www.kicad.org/},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/IYJUIHPL/www.kicad.org.html},
  LANGID = {american},
  TITLE = {{{KiCad EDA}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-03},
}

@BOOK{kleinSpulenUndSchwingungskreise1941,
  AUTHOR = {Klein, Paul-Eduard},
  PUBLISHER = {Deutsch-Literarisches Institut J. Schneider},
  DATE = {1941},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductors},
  NUMBER = {60},
  SERIES = {Deutsche {{Radio-Bücherei}}},
  TITLE = {Spulen Und {{Schwingungskreise}}},
}

@ARTICLE{leePrintedSpiralWinding2011,
  ABSTRACT = {Winding parasitic capacitance is a major factor limiting the bandwidth of an inductor. In this paper, 1) the traditional, 2) the alternating, and 3) the partial alternating winding methods are evaluated for the multilayer printed spiral winding inductors for megahertz operations. The self-capacitances of various winding structures are estimated by the summation of parasitic capacitance among the turns of a winding. The electric field energy distributions in the inductors are derived from the voltage profiles to illustrate the relative magnitudes of winding parasitic capacitances. The results show that parasitic capacitance reduction can be achieved by reducing stored electric field energy. The partial alternating winding method is found to have the widest frequency bandwidth with reduced number of through-hole vias for multilayer printed spiral winding design. The theoretical analysis has been confirmed with practical measurements. The results provide useful information for the optimal design of coreless or core-based high-frequency planar magnetics.},
  AUTHOR = {Lee, Chi Kwan and Su, Y. P. and Ron Hui, S. Y.},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5580123/?arnumber=5580123},
  DATE = {2011-10},
  DOI = {10.1109/TPEL.2010.2076318},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Power Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2011_Lee et al_Printed Spiral Winding Inductor With Wide Frequency Bandwidth2.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/CXZSAL3U/5580123.html},
  ISSN = {1941-0107},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Bandwidth,Electric fields,Inductors,Parasitic capacitance,Planar magnetic device,printed circuit board inductors,spiral winding,Spirals,Windings},
  NUMBER = {10},
  PAGES = {2936--2945},
  TITLE = {Printed {{Spiral Winding Inductor With Wide Frequency Bandwidth}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-30},
  VOLUME = {26},
}

@ARTICLE{leeSimpleWirelessPower2017,
  ABSTRACT = {We report a simple wireless power charging (WPC) antenna system (50 mm \textbackslash times40 mm \textbackslash times0.1 mm) for use in simulating power transfer efficiency ( \textbackslash eta ) with and without ferrite and a metallic object (battery case), thereby identifying suitable magnetic parameters and ferrite sheet thickness. The simulation results suggest that magnetic loss tangent (tan \textbackslash delta \textsubscript{\textbackslash mu } ) and permeability ( \textbackslash mu ' ) need to be less than 0.05 and higher than 125 at 13.56 MHz, respectively, to achieve at least 75\% of the transfer efficiency ( \textbackslash eta \_\textbackslash mathrm max ) of the WPC antenna without ferrite and the metallic object. Accordingly, we have fabricated NixZn0.85–xCu0.15Fe2O4 (x = 0.32 – 0.38) spinel ferrites using a one-step sintering process and obtained relatively high \textbackslash mu ' of 169 and low tan \textbackslash delta \textsubscript{\textbackslash mu } of 0.1 with a nickel (Ni) concentration of 0.38. This magnetic loss is still too high to achieve 75\% of the \textbackslash eta \_\textbackslash mathrm max value. In order to further reduce the magnetic loss, a two-step sintering process was used. The two-step sintered Ni0.38Zn0.47Cu0.15Fe2O4 shows \textbackslash mu ' of 132 and a tan \textbackslash delta \textsubscript{\textbackslash mu } of 0.03 at 13.56 MHz, respectively. Therefore, this ferrite meets criteria identified by the transfer efficiency simulation and is a good candidate for 13.56-MHz wireless power transfer charging antenna system. In addition, our designed WPC system is capable of evaluating other magnetic materials that are suitable for WPC antenna applications.},
  AUTHOR = {Lee, Woncheol and Hong, Yang-Ki and Park, Jihoon and Lee, Jaejin and Baek, In-Seung and Hur, Nam-Pal and Seong, Won-Mo and Park, Seong-Ook},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7867861/?arnumber=7867861},
  DATE = {2017-07},
  DOI = {10.1109/TMAG.2017.2676099},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Magnetics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2017_Lee et al_A Simple Wireless Power Charging Antenna System.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/S7MHYEYX/7867861.html},
  ISSN = {1941-0069},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
  KEYWORDS = {Antennas,Ferrites,Magnetic losses,Magnetic noise,Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite,Nickel,Permeability,Powders,power transfer efficiency,wireless power charging (WPC) system},
  NUMBER = {7},
  PAGES = {1--5},
  SHORTTITLE = {A {{Simple Wireless Power Charging Antenna System}}},
  TITLE = {A {{Simple Wireless Power Charging Antenna System}}: {{Evaluation}} of {{Ferrite Sheet}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-30},
  VOLUME = {53},
}

@ARTICLE{liWirelessPowerTransfer2015,
  ABSTRACT = {Wireless power transfer (WPT) using magnetic resonance is the technology which could set human free from the annoying wires. In fact, the WPT adopts the same basic theory which has already been developed for at least 30 years with the term inductive power transfer. WPT technology is developing rapidly in recent years. At kilowatts power level, the transfer distance increases from several millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency above 90\%. The advances make the WPT very attractive to the electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both stationary and dynamic charging scenarios. This paper reviewed the technologies in the WPT area applicable to EV wireless charging. By introducing WPT in EVs, the obstacles of charging time, range, and cost can be easily mitigated. Battery technology is no longer relevant in the mass market penetration of EVs. It is hoped that researchers could be encouraged by the state-of-the-art achievements, and push forward the further development of WPT as well as the expansion of EV.},
  AUTHOR = {Li, Siqi and Mi, Chunting Chris},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6804648/?arnumber=6804648},
  DATE = {2015-03},
  DOI = {10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2319453},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Journal}} of {{Emerging}} and {{Selected Topics}} in {{Power Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2015_Li_Mi_Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Applications.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/QYEZNYUG/6804648.html},
  ISSN = {2168-6785},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Batteries,Coils,Couplers,Couplings,Dynamic charging,electric vehicle (EV),Ferrites,inductive power transfer (IPT),Power electronics,safety guidelines,stationary charging,Wireless communication,wireless power transfer (WPT)},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {4--17},
  TITLE = {Wireless {{Power Transfer}} for {{Electric Vehicle Applications}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-11-08},
  VOLUME = {3},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{liWirelessPowerTransfer2021,
  ABSTRACT = {This paper presents a wireless power transfer system (WPT) for long-term sensor rotating around an axis on a plane. The system is suitable for powering long-term sensor and does not need to replace the battery periodically. By designing a new type of magnetic coupler, the coupling coefficient between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil can be maintained in a certain range. On the transmitting side, six planar spiral coils are evenly distributed in a circular array, so that the magnetic field on the path of the sensor is always strong. On the receiving side, two planar spiral coils are partially overlapped. The magnetic field generated by the magnetic coupler is analyzed theoretically and simulated by finite element method. The experimental results verify that the WPT system can continuously supply power for 5W load during rotation.},
  AUTHOR = {Li, Tao and Chen, Xiyou and Lang, Zhengying and Jin, Xin and Qi, Chen and Wang, Yijie},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9654747/?arnumber=9654747},
  BOOKTITLE = {2021 {{IEEE Industrial Electronics}} and {{Applications Conference}} ({{IEACon}})},
  DATE = {2021-11},
  DOI = {10.1109/IEACon51066.2021.9654747},
  EVENTTITLE = {2021 {{IEEE Industrial Electronics}} and {{Applications Conference}} ({{IEACon}})},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Li et al_2021_Wireless Power Transfer System for Long-term Sensor on Rotating Plane.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/DQ9TIGTB/9654747.html},
  KEYWORDS = {Couplers,Finite element analysis,long-term sensor,magnetic coupler,Maintenance engineering,Power supplies,Rectifiers,rotation,Spirals,Wireless power transfer,wireless power transfer (WPT)},
  PAGES = {136--140},
  TITLE = {Wireless {{Power Transfer System}} for {{Long-term Sensor}} on {{Rotating Plane}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-10},
}

@ARTICLE{lopeFirstSelfresonantFrequency2021,
  ABSTRACT = {Inductive devices are extensively employed in power electronic systems due to their magnetic energy storage and power transfer capabilities. The current trend is towards increasing the frequency of operation in order to reduce the size of the magnetic components, but the main drawback is that the parasitic capacitance effect can become significant, and degrade the performance of the system. This work analyses the influence of this stray capacitance, and considers how to improve the performance of the device. In general, the impact of the stray capacitance on a magnetic component can be reduced by two methods: reducing the parasitic capacitance between turns of the winding or, alternatively, modifying the arrangement of the connection between turns. To evaluate the last option, an approximated expression of the first self-resonant frequency of the magnetic device is proposed. This gives a rapid assessment of the performance of different devices maintaining the overall equivalent inductance. The proposed expression accounts for the influence of the connection between turns in the bandwidth of the component. Finally, some numerical results are verified with planar coils manufactured on two-layer printed circuit boards.},
  AUTHOR = {Lope, Ignacio and Carretero, Claudio and Acero, Jesus},
  URL = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/pel2.12030},
  DATE = {2021-02},
  DOI = {10.1049/pel2.12030},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/CN4BW264/Lope et al. - 2021 - First self‐resonant frequency of power inductors b.pdf},
  ISSN = {1755-4535, 1755-4543},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IET Power Electronics},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {257--267},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {IET Power Electronics},
  TITLE = {First Self‐resonant Frequency of Power Inductors Based on Approximated Corrected Stray Capacitances},
  URLDATE = {2024-09-10},
  VOLUME = {14},
}

@ARTICLE{lopeFrequencyDependentResistancePlanar2014,
  ABSTRACT = {Printed circuit board (PCB) windings are convenient for many applications given their ease of manufacture, high repeatability, and low profile. In many cases, the use of multistranded litz wires is appropriate due to the rated power, frequency range, and efficiency constraints. This paper proposes a manufacturing technique and a semianalytical loss model for PCB windings using planar litz structure to obtain a similar ac loss reduction to that of conventional windings of round wires with litz structure. Different coil prototypes have been tested in several configurations to validate the proposal.},
  AUTHOR = {Lope, Ignacio and Carretero, Claudio and Acero, Jesus and Alonso, Rafael and Burdio, Jose M.},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6851880/?arnumber=6851880},
  DATE = {2014-12},
  DOI = {10.1109/TMAG.2014.2337836},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Magnetics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Lope et al_2014_Frequency-Dependent Resistance of Planar Coils in Printed Circuit Board With.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/JJQHT5A5/6851880.html},
  ISSN = {1941-0069},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Magnetics},
  KEYWORDS = {Coils,Conductors,Electromagnetic analysis,frequency-dependent resistance,Magnetic devices,Media,passive components,printed circuit board (PCB) inductor,Resistance,Windings,Wires},
  NUMBER = {12},
  PAGES = {1--9},
  TITLE = {Frequency-{{Dependent Resistance}} of {{Planar Coils}} in {{Printed Circuit Board With Litz Structure}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-04},
  VOLUME = {50},
}

@ARTICLE{lopez-villegasImprovementQualityFactor2000,
  ABSTRACT = {A systematic method to improve the quality (Q) factor of RF integrated inductors is presented in this paper. The proposed method is based on the layout optimization to minimize the series resistance of the inductor coil, taking into account both ohmic losses, due to conduction currents, and magnetically induced losses, due to eddy currents. The technique is particularly useful when applied to inductors in which the fabrication process includes integration substrate removal. However, it is also applicable to inductors on low-loss substrates. The method optimizes the width of the metal strip for each turn of the inductor coil, leading to a variable strip-width layout. The optimization procedure has been successfully applied to the design of square spiral inductors in a silicon-based multichip-module technology, complemented with silicon micromachining postprocessing. The obtained experimental results corroborate the validity of the proposed method. A Q factor of about 17 have been obtained for a 35-nH inductor at 1.5 GHz, with Q values higher than 40 predicted for a 20-nH inductor working at 3.5 GHz. The latter is up to a 60\% better than the best results for a single strip-width inductor working at the same frequency.},
  AUTHOR = {Lopez-Villegas, J.M. and Samitier, J. and Cane, C. and Losantos, P. and Bausells, J.},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/817474/?arnumber=817474},
  DATE = {2000-01},
  DOI = {10.1109/22.817474},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Microwave Theory}} and {{Techniques}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2000_Lopez-Villegas et al_Improvement of the quality factor of RF integrated inductors by layout.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/GQKEU7DE/817474.html},
  ISSN = {1557-9670},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques},
  KEYWORDS = {Coils,Design optimization,Eddy currents,Fabrication,Inductors,Magnetic losses,Optimization methods,Q factor,Radio frequency,Strips},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {76--83},
  TITLE = {Improvement of the Quality Factor of {{RF}} Integrated Inductors by Layout Optimization},
  URLDATE = {2024-11-08},
  VOLUME = {48},
}

@ARTICLE{maierContributionSystemDesign2019,
  ABSTRACT = {In this contribution, a design procedure that is applicable to many kinds of wireless or contactless energy transfer systems is proposed. The design procedure is limited to near field wireless energy transfer systems in resonant operation. For this purpose, the input impedance and voltage transfer function of different natural frequencies are calculated analytically, and moreover, the behavior of the system is described. Following three issues lead to a readily applicable design procedure. First, the knowledge of the transfer functions. Secondly, the knowledge of basic magnetic properties and lastly, the known influence of harmonics according to rectifier and inverter. This design procedure is demonstrated with two hardware setups.},
  AUTHOR = {Maier, David and Heinrich, Jörg and Zimmer, Marco and Maier, Marcel and Parspour, Nejila},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8440726/?arnumber=8440726},
  DATE = {2019-01},
  DOI = {10.1109/TIA.2018.2866247},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Industry Applications}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Maier et al_2019_Contribution to the System Design of Contactless Energy Transfer Systems.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/Q4MPPLFH/8440726.html},
  ISSN = {1939-9367},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications},
  KEYWORDS = {Capacitors,Equivalent circuits,Impedance,Inductive charging,inductive power transmission,Magnetic circuits,Magnetic separation,power conversion harmonics,Reactive power,resonant inverters transfer functions,Transfer functions},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {316--326},
  TITLE = {Contribution to the {{System Design}} of {{Contactless Energy Transfer Systems}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-07-15},
  VOLUME = {55},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{martinMultiturnTwistedInductor2016,
  ABSTRACT = {A Fully symmetric multi-turn twisted inductor is presented for the suppression of on-chip interference in the transmit chain of a LTE transceiver chip implemented in TSMC 65nm CMOS process. The inductor is ultra-compact, symmetrical and presents up to ×3 inductance density as compared to a standard spiral inductor. Magnetic coupling reduction of more than 12dB was measured and EM simulation results validate the design procedure. A simple and accurate closed form expression for the inductance estimation is introduced for the first time in the context of planar twisted-inductors to simplify the design process.},
  AUTHOR = {Martin, Peter and Horn, Richard and Ben Atar, Kobi},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7806138/?arnumber=7806138},
  BOOKTITLE = {2016 {{IEEE International Conference}} on the {{Science}} of {{Electrical Engineering}} ({{ICSEE}})},
  DATE = {2016-11},
  DOI = {10.1109/ICSEE.2016.7806138},
  EVENTTITLE = {2016 {{IEEE International Conference}} on the {{Science}} of {{Electrical Engineering}} ({{ICSEE}})},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2016_Martin et al_A multi-turn twisted inductor for on-chip cross-talk reduction.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/HIHNNITA/7806138.html},
  KEYWORDS = {closed-form inductance expression,Couplings,crosstalk,Figure-8 inductor,Frequency conversion,Inductance,Inductors,Injection-Lock Divider,Q-factor,Resonant frequency,Standards,Twisted-Inductor},
  PAGES = {1--5},
  TITLE = {A Multi-Turn Twisted Inductor for on-Chip Cross-Talk Reduction},
  URLDATE = {2024-11-08},
}

@BOOK{meeekerFiniteElementMethod2015,
  AUTHOR = {Meeeker, David},
  DATE = {2015-10-25},
  PAGETOTAL = {161},
  TITLE = {Finite {{Element Method Magnetics}}. {{User}}'s {{Manual}}.},
}

@BOOK{meinkeTaschenbuchHochfrequenztechnik1956,
  AUTHOR = {Meinke, H. and Gundlach, F. W.},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  DATE = {1956},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductor},
  TITLE = {Taschenbuch Der {{Hochfrequenztechnik}}},
}

@ARTICLE{mohanSimpleAccurateExpressions1999,
  AUTHOR = {Mohan, S.S. and Del Mar Hershenson, M. and Boyd, S.P. and Lee, T.H.},
  URL = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/792620/},
  DATE = {1999-10},
  DOI = {10.1109/4.792620},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/AM4Q8Y76/Mohan et al. - 1999 - Simple accurate expressions for planar spiral indu.pdf},
  ISSN = {00189200},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {10},
  PAGES = {1419--1424},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits},
  TITLE = {Simple Accurate Expressions for Planar Spiral Inductances},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-10},
  VOLUME = {34},
}

@ARTICLE{mooreApplicationsWirelessPower2019,
  ABSTRACT = {Magnetic resonance within the field of wireless power transfer has seen an increase in popularity over the past decades. This rise can be attributed to the technological advances of electronics and the increased efficiency of popular battery technologies. The same principles of electromagnetic theory can be applied to the medical field. Several medical devices intended for use inside the body use batteries and electrical circuits that could be powered wirelessly. Other medical devices limit the mobility or make patients uncomfortable while in use. The fundamental theory of electromagnetics can improve the field by solving some of these problems. This survey paper summarizes the recent uses and discoveries of wireless power in the medical field. A comprehensive search for papers was conducted using engineering search engines and included papers from related conferences. During the initial search, 247 papers were found then nonrelevant papers were eliminated to leave only suitable material. Seventeen relevant journal papers and/or conference papers were found, then separated into defined categories: Implants, Pumps, Ultrasound Imaging, and Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy. The approach and methods for each paper were analyzed and compared yielding a comprehensive review of these state of the art technologies.},
  AUTHOR = {Moore, Julian and Castellanos, Sharon and Xu, Sheng and Wood, Bradford and Ren, Hongliang and Tse, Zion Tsz Ho},
  URL = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10439-018-02142-8},
  DATE = {2019-01},
  DOI = {10.1007/s10439-018-02142-8},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/JVKURIVI/Moore et al. - 2019 - Applications of Wireless Power Transfer in Medicin.pdf},
  ISSN = {0090-6964, 1573-9686},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Annals of Biomedical Engineering},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {22--38},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Ann Biomed Eng},
  SHORTTITLE = {Applications of {{Wireless Power Transfer}} in {{Medicine}}},
  TITLE = {Applications of {{Wireless Power Transfer}} in {{Medicine}}: {{State-of-the-Art Reviews}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-11-08},
  VOLUME = {47},
}

@ARTICLE{mouEnergyEfficientAdaptiveDesign2017,
  ABSTRACT = {Wireless power transfer (WPT) could revolutionize global transportation and accelerate growth in the electric vehicle (EV) market, offering an attractive alternative to cabled charging. Coil misalignment is inevitable due to driver parking behavior and has a detrimental effect on power transfer efficiency (PTE). This paper proposes a novel coil design and adaptive hardware to improve PTE in magnetic resonant coupling WPT and mitigate coil misalignment, a crucial roadblock in the acceptance of WPT for EVs. The new design was verified using ADS, providing a good match to theoretical analysis. Custom designed receiver and transmitter circuitry was used to simulate vehicle and parking bay conditions and obtain PTE data in a small-scale setup. Experimental results showed that PTE can be improved by 30\% at the array's center, and an impressive 90\% when misaligned by three-fourths of the array's radius. The proposed novel coil array achieves overall higher PTE compared to the benchmark single coil design.},
  AUTHOR = {Mou, Xiaolin and Groling, Oliver and Sun, Hongjian},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7885065/?arnumber=7885065},
  DATE = {2017-09},
  DOI = {10.1109/TIE.2017.2686299},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Industrial Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2017_Mou et al_Energy-Efficient and Adaptive Design for Wireless Power Transfer in Electric.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/9EFPC8GL/7885065.html},
  ISSN = {1557-9948},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Adaptive hardware,coil design,Couplings,electric vehicle (EV),Hardware,Inductive charging,Magnetic resonance,magnetic resonant coupling (MRC),misalignment,power transfer efficiency (PTE),Receivers,Transmitters,Windings,wireless power transfer (WPT)},
  NUMBER = {9},
  PAGES = {7250--7260},
  TITLE = {Energy-{{Efficient}} and {{Adaptive Design}} for {{Wireless Power Transfer}} in {{Electric Vehicles}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-11-08},
  VOLUME = {64},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{mouWirelessPowerTransfer2015,
  ABSTRACT = {Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies have been widely used in many areas, e.g., the charging of electric toothbrush, mobile phones, and electric vehicles. This paper introduces fundamental principles of three WPT technologies, i.e., inductive coupling-based WPT, magnetic resonant coupling-based WPT, and electromagnetic radiation-based WPT, together with discussions of their strengths and weaknesses. Main research themes are then presented, i.e., improving the transmission efficiency and distance, and designing multiple transmitters/receivers. The state-of-the-art techniques are reviewed and categorised. Several WPT applications are described. Open research challenges are then presented with a brief discussion of potential roadmap.},
  AUTHOR = {Mou, Xiaolin and Sun, Hongjian},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7146165/?arnumber=7146165},
  BOOKTITLE = {2015 {{IEEE}} 81st {{Vehicular Technology Conference}} ({{VTC Spring}})},
  DATE = {2015-05},
  DOI = {10.1109/VTCSpring.2015.7146165},
  EVENTTITLE = {2015 {{IEEE}} 81st {{Vehicular Technology Conference}} ({{VTC Spring}})},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Mou_Sun_2015_Wireless Power Transfer.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/U6XA93RL/7146165.html},
  ISSN = {1550-2252},
  KEYWORDS = {Couplings,Magnetic resonance,Receivers,Transmitters,Wireless communication,Wireless sensor networks},
  PAGES = {1--5},
  SHORTTITLE = {Wireless {{Power Transfer}}},
  TITLE = {Wireless {{Power Transfer}}: {{Survey}} and {{Roadmap}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-11-07},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{muehlmannMutualCouplingModeling2012,
  ABSTRACT = {Near Field Communication (NFC) antennas are not comparable to standard communication antennas used for traditional transmission services. The geometries are complex, narrow conductor cross-sections and long loops located close to materials sensitive to electromagnetic interaction, when integrated, make the application of analytical coupling formulations inapplicable, even when it comes down to non-linear relations forced by ferrite shielding. Commercial finite element (FEM) solvers are powerful, but they do not serve the needs of NFC applications due to complexity, inadequateness and code obscuration. An intensive open source code investigation has identified one alternative solver which is capable to deal with all NFC RFID related coupling effects one can imagine. Automated scripts, the tool-chain, and geometry macros have been developed for rapid prototyping of such. Amongst other open source tools listed, the ElmerFEM solver is the most promising solver for linear and non-linear quasi-static electro-magnetic (EM) NFC problems. The solver has a powerful interface and delivers results close to reality even when computational complexity is a trade of physical resolution and memory capacity of standard commercial workstations.},
  AUTHOR = {Muehlmann, U. and Gebhart, M. and Wobak, M.},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6404553},
  BOOKTITLE = {2012 {{IEEE International Conference}} on {{RFID-Technologies}} and {{Applications}} ({{RFID-TA}})},
  DATE = {2012-11},
  DOI = {10.1109/RFID-TA.2012.6404553},
  EVENTTITLE = {2012 {{IEEE International Conference}} on {{RFID-Technologies}} and {{Applications}} ({{RFID-TA}})},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2012_Muehlmann et al_Mutual coupling modeling of NFC antennas by using open-source CAD-FEM tools.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/YTC9WVJE/6404553.html},
  PAGES = {393--397},
  TITLE = {Mutual Coupling Modeling of {{NFC}} Antennas by Using Open-Source {{CAD}}/{{FEM}} Tools},
  URLDATE = {2023-10-31},
}

@ARTICLE{mumbyDielectricPropertiesFR41989,
  ABSTRACT = {The relationship between the dielectric properties (dielectric constant, e\textasciitilde am,and loss factor, e\textasciitilde m) and thickness of FR-4 laminates was investigated. Thickness variations for laminates reinforced by the same style and number of plies of glass cloth were predominantly due to differences in the resin content. At each measurement frequency, values of both el"mand e]'m were found to vary in an approximate linear manner with changes in the volume fraction of resin, Vr\textasciitilde n. An empirical equation was derived that gives the dielectric constant of an FR-4 laminate, el'm, as a function of the volume fraction of resin, Vr\textasciitilde n, and the frequency at which the measurement was performed (between 1 kHz and 1 GHz). An alternative expression was also determined that permits the calculation of e\textasciitilde. in the same frequency range from just the dielectric thickness of the laminate, providing the effective thickness of the reinforcement is known. The effective thickness of one style of glass cloth (2116) was experimentally determined to be 1.6 mils/ply. Effective thicknesses of most other common woven glass reinforcements used in FR-4 laminates were calculated and tabulated. The empirical relationships should be a valuable aid to electrical designers and others who need to know the frequency dependence of the dielectric properties of FR-4 laminates having different glass-to-resin ratios.},
  AUTHOR = {Mumby, Stephen J. and Yuan, Jih},
  URL = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02657420},
  DATE = {1989-03},
  DOI = {10.1007/BF02657420},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/9MA5VBJY/Mumby and Yuan - 1989 - Dielectric properties of FR-4 laminates as a funct.pdf},
  ISSN = {0361-5235, 1543-186X},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Journal of Electronic Materials},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {287--292},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {J. Electron. Mater.},
  TITLE = {Dielectric Properties of {{FR-4}} Laminates as a Function of Thickness and the Electrical Frequency of the Measurement},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-30},
  VOLUME = {18},
}

@MVBOOK{nesperHandbuchDrahtlosenTelegraphie1921,
  AUTHOR = {Nesper, Eugen},
  PUBLISHER = {Julius Springer},
  DATE = {1921},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductors},
  TITLE = {Handbuch Der {{Drahtlosen Telegraphie}} Und {{Telphonie}}},
  VOLUME = {2},
  VOLUMES = {2},
}

@ARTICLE{nguyenReviewComparisonSolid2020,
  ABSTRACT = {At high frequency, AC resistance of a printed circuit board (PCB) winding becomes important and accounts for a large proportion of planar transformer losses. The winding is then influenced by both skin and proximity phenomenon, which makes the current distribution uneven resulting in an increased resistance. The study of improving AC resistance of a PCB winding has been tackled by many researchers. However, the lack of an overview and comparison among improvements has made it difficult to apply those methods to a specific winding. To overcome the above limitations, this paper investigates the pros and cons of three popular AC resistance optimizing methods: optimizing track width of a solid PCB winding, using multi-strands and using Litz style PCB winding. To verify the theoretical analysis, a total of 12 PCBs are simulated by finite element (FEM) and tested in the laboratory. Five criteria are analyzed, including skin resistance, proximity resistance, AC to DC ratio, total AC resistance and complexity are taken into consideration. The results of this study show that optimizing track width method has a significant improvement on AC resistance while the use of Litz PCB is effective for applications that need stable AC resistance in a wide frequency range. The use of parallel strands winding should be carefully considered as there is not significant benefit in both reducing the AC resistance and AC to DC ratio.},
  AUTHOR = {Nguyen, Minh Huy and Fortin Blanchette, Handy},
  URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/8/1324},
  DATE = {2020-08-16},
  DOI = {10.3390/electronics9081324},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2020_Nguyen_Fortin Blanchette_A Review and Comparison of Solid, Multi-Strands and Litz Style PCB Winding.pdf},
  ISSN = {2079-9292},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Electronics},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {8},
  PAGES = {1324},
  SHORTJOURNAL = {Electronics},
  TITLE = {A {{Review}} and {{Comparison}} of {{Solid}}, {{Multi-Strands}} and {{Litz Style PCB Winding}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-30},
  VOLUME = {9},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{nomotoSplittingConductorsCoils2024,
  ABSTRACT = {Coils built on printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been widely used for transformers and inductors because they have the advantages of downsizing and consistency for mounting components on the PCBs. However, copper loss caused by the skin and proximity effect takes a large proportion of the total loss of the inductors at high-frequency regions. Thus, reducing copper loss is one of the significant issues for the inductors to reduce the power loss on the coils. This paper proposes a method to suppress copper loss (AC-resistance) due to the skin and proximity effect by splitting patterns of a coil and swapping them at the corner of the coil. The proposed structure for the coil is characterized as having no via, which results in an increase in cost and copper loss. The simulation results demonstrate that a 12-corner coil shape with a splitting pattern into three sections suppresses the resistance by 16.7\% compared to a spiral coil and improves the quality factor by 10.9\%. Practical experiments have revealed that the optimized 12-corner coil improves resistance by 24.6\% and the quality factor by 18.7\%.},
  AUTHOR = {Nomoto, Shunsaku and Shimura, Shinjiro and Kusaka, Keisuke and Takada, Takashi},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10509283/?arnumber=10509283},
  BOOKTITLE = {2024 {{IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference}} and {{Exposition}} ({{APEC}})},
  DATE = {2024-02},
  DOI = {10.1109/APEC48139.2024.10509283},
  EVENTTITLE = {2024 {{IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference}} and {{Exposition}} ({{APEC}})},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Nomoto et al_2024_Splitting Conductors of Coils on PCB for AC-resistance Reduction.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/K8XAZLUH/10509283.html},
  ISSN = {2470-6647},
  KEYWORDS = {Coils,Printed circuit board (PCB),Printed circuits,Proximity effect,Q-factor,Resistance,Shape,Simulation,Skin effect,Spiral coil,Spirals},
  PAGES = {3204--3209},
  TITLE = {Splitting {{Conductors}} of {{Coils}} on {{PCB}} for {{AC-resistance Reduction}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-04},
}

@BOOK{nottebrockSpulen1950,
  AUTHOR = {Nottebrock, Heinrich},
  PUBLISHER = {Schiele \& Schön},
  DATE = {1950},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductors},
  SERIES = {Bauelemente Der {{Nachrichtentechnik}}},
  TITLE = {Spulen},
  VOLUME = {3},
}

@BOOK{querfurthCoilWindingDescription1954,
  AUTHOR = {Querfurth, William},
  PUBLISHER = {G. Stevens Mfg. Company},
  URL = {https://vintagewindings.com/gen%20pop/8299543VW8335/TransDesign%201/Coil%20Winding.pdf},
  DATE = {1954},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/MJR5J958/Coil Winding.pdf},
  TITLE = {Coil {{Winding}}: {{A Description}} of {{Coil Winding Procedures}}, {{Winding Machines}} and {{Associated Equipment}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-30},
}

@SOFTWARE{ruokolainenElmerCSCElmerfemElmer2023,
  ABSTRACT = {Elmer Release Notes for version 9.0 Previous release: {$<$}strong{$>$}8.4{$<$}/strong{$><$}br{$>$} Period covered: {$<$}strong{$>$}Dec 18 2018 - Nov 10 2020{$<$}/strong{$><$}br{$>$} Number of commits: {$<$}strong{$>$}\textasciitilde 1340{$<$}/strong{$>$} (excluding merges) These release notes provide information on the most essential changes. You can get a complete listing of commit messages, for example, with:{$<$}br{$>$} git log --since="2018-12-18" \&gt; log.txt Apart from the core Elmer team at CSC (Juhani K., Mika M., Juha R., Peter R., Thomas Z.) git log shows contributions from Daniel B., Denis C., Eef v. D., Eelis T., Fabien G-C, Foad S. F., Fredrik R., Olivier G., Joe T., Luz P., Mondher C., Rupert G., Sami I., Sami R., Samuel C., and Saeki T. to this release. Additionally there are many ongoing developments in several branches that have not been merged to this release and are not therefore covered here. Also sometimes the code has been passed on by the original author by other means than the git, and in such cases the names may have been accidentally omitted. The contributions of all developers are gratefully acknowledged! New Solver Modules IncompressibleNSVec Incompressible Navier-Stokes solver utilizing vectorized and threaded assembly Includes built-in support for block preconditioning (Schur complement approximation included) Includes non-Newtonian material laws Intended for Elmer/Ice community but also other may find it useful. BeamSolver3D Solver for the Timoshenko equations of elastic beams embedded in 3-D space (see Elmer Models Manual for documentation) GmshReader Reads the mesh and results from simple Gmsh file format (that can be written by ElmerSolver as well) Solver includes interpolation of the fields to the current mesh May be used for hierarchical simulations where results are inherited from previous simulations ModelMixedPoisson A general-purpose mixed FEM solver for the Poisson equation (see Elmer Models Manual for documentation) Employs a div-conforming (face) finite element approximation SpringAssembly A generic utility to add node-wise springs and masses to structural models (see Elmer Models Manual for documentation) MarchingODESolver A solver that can compute ordinary differential equations on a moving mesh. It is assumed that the mesh is structured and there is a known draw speed. This makes it possible to relate timestep and mesh parameter directly with each other. Enhanced Solver Modules ElasticSolve Adding a new UMAT material model is simplified: compilation with an elmerf90 command is sufficient The state variables of UMAT material model can be written to a result file and visualized UMAT implementation updated to support axial symmetry EMWaveSolver The solver updated to support the basis functions of second order and simulation in 2D The solver is now documented in Elmer Models Manual MagnetoDynamics Fixes and generalization to the source projection (the determination of Jfix). A surface impedance condition for the time-harmonic AV model Thin region formulation for 1D wires in transient analysis Magnetic anisotropy (a complex-valued reluctivity tensor) enabled for the time-harmonic AV model MagnetoDynamics2D A velocity field can be given to add a Lorentz term to the equations Coreloss a posteriori formulas (Bertotti + extended Bertotti) MagnetoDynamicsCalcFields Enabled postprocessing in the case of a complex-valued reluctivity tensor Enabled the computation of magnetic co-energy ResultOutputSolver Vtu format: Enable saving of pieces, i.e. bodies and boundaries Improved saving of elemental, DG and IP fields Gmsh format: Improved use of masking features in output ShellSolver Eigenanalysis with the shell solver enabled Spring, resultant force and couple BCs added Combined analysis of 2-D shells and 1-D beams enabled Fully coupled analysis of 2-D shells and 3-D solids enabled (still subject to some geometric constraints on the mesh) Partial support for using an alternate formulation with drilling degrees of freedom StructuredMeshMapper Enable arbitrary number of layers, before limited to three. HeatSolver A new tentative vectorized version: HeatSolverVec Enable symmetric 3D cases for view factor computation to obtain significant timesavings Make Gebhart factors linear system symmetric, if possible "ViewFactor Symmetry" StressSolver Added a Maxwell visco-elastic model to linear elasticity solver Possible also to be run as incompressible (introducing pressure variable) Optional pre-stress advection term for layered Earth-deformation model WaveSolver The solver can be used to model harmonic and eigenmode cases as well. ParticleAdvector Allow particles to be sent from Gaussian integration points as well. This is beneficial for robustness since they are not located at surface. Local integration time based on local Courant number. ElmerSolver library functionality Treatment of block systems The block matrix approach for solving complicated problems has been enhanced. Currently the block approach can be used in several ways during some stage of the solution. Split up monolithic equations into subproblems that are easier to solve (e.g. IncompressibleNS) Combine linear multiphysical (coupled) problems into a block matrix (e.g. FSI problems) For problems belonging to class 1) we may perform recreation of a monolithic matrix. This will allow better use of standard linear algebra to utilize direct solvers, or change the system to be harmonic or eigenvalue problem. For the documentation of utilizing block-matrix construct in connection with the fully coupled simulation of multiphysical problems see the new chapter "Block-matrix construct to build tightly coupled solvers" in ElmerSolver Manual. More economical integration rules A collection of economical Gauss quadrature rules for prismatic elements are introduced to replace tensor product rules for quadrilateral p-elements when 1 \&lt; p \&lt;= 8. The tensor product rule with n = (p+1)**2 points is now replaced by more economical ones. Dirichlet BCs for div-conforming vector finite elements (face elements) A sif command of the form Q \{f\} j = Real ... can be used to specify vector-valued data whose normal component is then used to integrate the values of DOFs for vector-valued interpolation of the data. Here Q is an Elmer variable which is approximated with face finite elements. Conforming BCs by elimination System can identify conforming boundaries such that dofs related to nodes or edges on opposing sides may be assembled into one degree of freedom. This decreases the size of the linear system and is numerically favourable. Antiperiodicity may be included. For vector-valued problems all components must be treated alike. Conforming BCs for edge dofs may consider the direction of edge. See test cases with "Apply Conforming BCs" and "Conforming BC" defined. Improved internal partitioning with Zoltan Enable internal partitioning with Zoltan to honor connected boundaries. Enable primary solver to call other solvers For documentation see the section "Solver execution by a master solver" in ElmerSolver Manual. Enables calling before and after solving the primary problem. Also possible to call before and after each nonlinear iteration. Anderson Acceleration for nonlinear systems Implemented a version of Anderson Acceleration where previous solutions and residuals are used to accelerate the nonlinear convergence. May increase nonlinear convergence to quadratic, quadratic convergence (Newton's method) is not improved. Swapping meshes on-the-fly Implemented library functionality to swap meshes during the simulation. Currently no history data is interpolated. ListGetElemental routines More flexible routines for obtaining material parameters for the Gaussian integration points. Detects automatically what kind of fields the dependency depends on (nodal, DG, elemental, IP points) Vectorized versions to be used with vectorized finite element assembly View factors Allow computation of view factors in 3D cases with symmetry. Speed-up computation for cases where emissivity not equal to one. Enable view factors to be used in conjunction with DG (in HeatSolveVec) Run Control Enable external loop control over the simulation. May be used in optimization and parametric scanning etc. Applicable also to transient systems as the variable "time" is not used for the control level. Inline parameters Enable inline keywords -rpar and -ipar They are followed by the number of argument + values of the arguments. Generic source control We may tune a r.h.s. load vector such that the solution (or reaction force) at given node is the desired one. Mimics the old Smart Control operation of HeatSolve but on a library level. ElmerGrid Fixes for UNV, mptxt and Gmsh file format import. Tentative reader for FVCOM format Add possibility to define seed for Metis partitioning (-metisseed). Maintain entity names in extrusion ElmerGrid and its plugin under ElmerGUI were harmonized such that they use the same codebase. ElmerGUI Huge number of improvements by Saeki! Highlights include: Object browser to view the case at a glance and to easily access the most windows. Removed sif auto-generation functionality to avoid unintended overwriting of sif file. "Generate, save and run" button to quickly run the case modifed via GUI. "Save and run" button on sif window to quickly run the case modifed via sif window. Postprocessor button selectable from ElmerVTK, ElmerPost or ParaView. "New project..." menu as an alternative way to start a new project. Seperated "Save project as..." menu from "Save project" menu to save the project in a different directory. Improved and more robust project loading "Preference" menu on sif window and on solver log window for syntax highlighting and font selection. "Recent projects" in File menu for quick loading of recently used projects. Improved ElmerVTK postprocessor (reading simple .vtu file, bottom toolbar including time-step control and displace button, etc) Configuration \&amp; Compilation New Windows installer utilizing msys2 either with or without ElmerGUI + with or without MPI installers Elmer/Ice New features in Elmer/Ice are documented in elmerfem/elmerice/ReleaseNotes/release\_elmerice\_9.0.md Other FreeCADBatchFEMTools improvements and added tests New Contributors @frroberts made their first contribution in https://github.com/ElmerCSC/elmerfem/pull/176 @mmcker made their first contribution in https://github.com/ElmerCSC/elmerfem/pull/118 @Foadsf made their first contribution in https://github.com/ElmerCSC/elmerfem/pull/207 @dremerb made their first contribution in https://github.com/ElmerCSC/elmerfem/pull/210 @Kezii made their first contribution in https://github.com/ElmerCSC/elmerfem/pull/234 @kinnala made their first contribution in https://github.com/ElmerCSC/elmerfem/pull/243 {$<$}strong{$>$}Full Changelog{$<$}/strong{$>$}: https://github.com/ElmerCSC/elmerfem/compare/release-8.4...release-9.0},
  AUTHOR = {Ruokolainen, Juha and Malinen, Mika and Råback, Peter and Zwinger, Thomas and Takala, Eelis and Kataja, Juhani and Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien and Ilvonen, Sami and Gladstone, Rupert and Byckling, Mikko and {Mondher Chekki} and Gong, Cheng and Ponomarev, Pavel and Van Dongen, Eef and Robertsen, Fredrik and Wheel, Iain and Cook, Samuel and {T7saeki} and {Luzpaz} and {Rich\_B}},
  ORGANIZATION = {Zenodo},
  URL = {https://zenodo.org/record/7892181},
  DATE = {2023-05-03},
  DOI = {10.5281/ZENODO.7892181},
  SHORTTITLE = {{{ElmerCSC}}/Elmerfem},
  TITLE = {{{ElmerCSC}}/Elmerfem: {{Elmer}} 9.0},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-03},
  VERSION = {release-9.0},
}

@BOOK{saackeRadiotechnikIIIEmpfanger1926,
  AUTHOR = {Saacke, Hermann},
  PUBLISHER = {Walter de Gruyter \& Co.},
  DATE = {1926},
  SERIES = {Sammlung {{Göschen}}},
  TITLE = {Radiotechnik {{III}}: {{Die Empfänger}}},
  VOLUME = {3},
}

@ARTICLE{songRotationLightweightWirelessPower2019,
  ABSTRACT = {In this paper, a novel magnetic coupler of wireless power transfer system for the solar wing driving of the spacecraft is designed. Compared with the traditional slip-ring power supply, the proposed magnetic coupler is characterized by non-contact, high efficiency, wear free, safety, and reliability. Particularly, it can be applied to the rotating condition. To realize light weight and small volume of the receiver, the magnetic coupler has been optimized from both compensation topology and coil configuration. First, a series-none topology is employed to eliminate the bulky secondary-side compensation capacitor. Second, a new nested solenoid coil with strip core is proposed to ensure miniaturization, stable power transfer, and high efficiency. Finally, the experimental setup is built to verify the performance of the designed magnetic coupler. Experimental results are well matched to simulations, demonstrating that the weight of the prototype is 1.3 kg and the transfer power is 3 kW at an ac-dc efficiency of 92.7\%.},
  AUTHOR = {Song, Kai and Ma, Bingqing and Yang, Guang and Jiang, Jinhai and Wei, Ruizhi and Zhang, Hang and Zhu, Chunbo},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8576647/?arnumber=8576647},
  DATE = {2019-09},
  DOI = {10.1109/TPEL.2018.2886910},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Power Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Song et al_2019_A Rotation-Lightweight Wireless Power Transfer System for Solar Wing Driving.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/7DHIZ9WS/8576647.html},
  ISSN = {1941-0107},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Couplers,Couplings,Magnetic cores,Magnetic flux,Power generation,Resistance,Rotary magnetic coupler,series-none (S-0) topology,solar wing driving,solenoid coil,strip core,Topology,wireless power transfer (WPT)},
  NUMBER = {9},
  PAGES = {8816--8830},
  TITLE = {A {{Rotation-Lightweight Wireless Power Transfer System}} for {{Solar Wing Driving}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-10},
  VOLUME = {34},
}

@ARTICLE{sproHighVoltageInsulationDesign2021,
  ABSTRACT = {This article investigates the insulation design for printed, planar, coreless, and high-frequency transformers with high isolation-voltage. By using finite element analysis on 2-D axial-symmetry, the transformer circuit parameters and electric field distribution are modeled and estimated. Several transformers are designed for an operating frequency of 6.78 MHz. The high frequency, coreless design allows for using thicker insulation material while ensuring a high transformer efficiency. The inclusion of the coupling capacitance in the design optimization results in several design solutions with the same figure of merit, but with different footprint and isolation voltages. Moreover, high electric fields are identified around the sharp edges of the printed circuit board (PCB) windings. Finally, the electrical and isolation performance is verified experimentally. The measured electrical properties are close to the simulated values, validating the chosen model. Breakdown tests demonstrate the feasibility of isolation voltage levels up to several tens of kilovolts. The majority of breakdowns occurs at the outer edge of the PCB winding that was identified as a high-field area. Additionally, a concept for grading the electric field of PCB windings is also proposed. Based on the results, the design aspects are discussed in detail for planar, high-frequency isolation transformers with medium-voltage isolation level.},
  AUTHOR = {Spro, Ole Christian and Mauseth, Frank and Peftitsis, Dimosthenis},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9314282/?arnumber=9314282},
  DATE = {2021-08},
  DOI = {10.1109/TPEL.2021.3049353},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Power Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2021_Spro et al_High-Voltage Insulation Design of Coreless, Planar PCB Transformers for.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/I2H9EHKJ/9314282.html},
  ISSN = {1941-0107},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Capacitance,Couplings,Design methodology,dielectric breakdown,insulation,Insulation,Power supplies,Power transformer insulation,resonant power conversion,Transformer cores,transformers,Windings},
  NUMBER = {8},
  PAGES = {8658--8671},
  TITLE = {High-{{Voltage Insulation Design}} of {{Coreless}}, {{Planar PCB Transformers}} for {{Multi-MHz Power Supplies}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-30},
  VOLUME = {36},
}

@BOOK{struttVerstarkerUndEmpfanger1951,
  AUTHOR = {Strutt, M. J. O.},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  DATE = {1951},
  EDITION = {2},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductors},
  SERIES = {Lehrbuch Der {{Drahtlosen Nachrichtentechnik}}},
  TITLE = {Verstärker Und {{Empfänger}}},
  VOLUME = {4},
}

@INCOLLECTION{TamperResistance2020,
  ABSTRACT = {The security engineer needs to understand what tamper resistance is, and what it can and can't do. In this chapter, the author takes the reader through the past thirty years of evolution of attack and defence. The banking community realised that commercial operating systems were likely to remain insufficient to protect PINs, particularly from bank insiders, and decided to use separate hardware to manage them. This led to the development of standalone cryptographic modules or hardware security modules (HSMs). The chapter provides a few comments about the evaluation of HSMs. Each of the product categories discussed in this chapter, from HSMs down through FPGAs to smartcards, has a wide range of offerings with wide variability in the quality of protection. The security engineer will therefore have to pay attention to the many failure modes of systems involving tamper-resistant processors that are more or less independent of the price or technical tamper-resistance of the device.},
  PUBLISHER = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
  URL = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119644682.ch18},
  BOOKTITLE = {Security {{Engineering}}},
  DATE = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1002/9781119644682.ch18},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2020_Tamper Resistance.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/EMWJABZF/9781119644682.html},
  ISBN = {978-1-119-64468-2},
  KEYWORDS = {banking community,FPGAs,hardware security modules,security engineer,smartcards,tamper resistance},
  LANGID = {english},
  PAGES = {599--637},
  TITLE = {Tamper {{Resistance}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-03},
}

@ARTICLE{wangCoaxialNestedCouplersBased2020,
  ABSTRACT = {In order to improve poor anti-offset capability of rotary transformer in electric excitation motor, a coaxial nested rotary wireless power transfer (CNR-WPT) system has been proposed in this paper. Firstly, considering the spatial geometric relationship of the coils and the power transmission efficiency of the CNR-WPT, the preliminary coil structure has been proposed. Secondly, through theoretical derivation, the specific relationship between the mutual inductance of the coils and the offset have been studied to verify the feasibility of the preliminary design. Thirdly, aiming at the problem that the CNR-WPT is susceptible to steel interference, the magnetic field has been optimized by adding ferrite and introducing a protective casing in this paper. Finally, an experimental platform for CNR-WPT system has been built. The experimental results verify that the power transmission efficiency of the CNR-WPT system can reach 90\% when the radial offset and axial offset are below 5 mm, and the angular offset is below 5°. The energy losses can be reduced by adding ferrite and protecting the casing. The CNR-WPT system thereof can also be applied to other rotary power transmission occasions.},
  AUTHOR = {Wang, Longyang and Li, Jiangui and Nie, Hui and Liu, Jincheng and Ke, Shaoxing},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9022913/?arnumber=9022913},
  DATE = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2978130},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Access}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Wang et al_2020_Coaxial Nested Couplers-Based Offset-Tolerance Rotary Wireless Power Transfer.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/XK24S953/9022913.html},
  ISSN = {2169-3536},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Access},
  KEYWORDS = {anti-offset capability,Brushless motors,coaxial nested rotary wireless power transfer system,Coils,Electric excitation motor,Induction motors,power transmission efficiency,Reluctance motors,Shafts,Wireless power transfer},
  PAGES = {44913--44923},
  TITLE = {Coaxial {{Nested Couplers-Based Offset-Tolerance Rotary Wireless Power Transfer Systems}} for {{Electric Excitation Motors}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-10},
  VOLUME = {8},
}

@ARTICLE{wangNovelRotatingWireless2024,
  ABSTRACT = {This study investigates the dynamics of wireless power supply technology under rotation and its system redundancy, aiming to design a redundant, rotating wireless power supply system. In order to satisfy specifications of redundancy and fault tolerance, the circuit design of the wireless power transmission system was developed, and a planar three-sector coil coupling mechanism was designed; finally, the stability and power output characteristics of the system were assessed under static and dynamic working conditions, and the results show that the maximum output power of the system can reach 3 kW and the efficiency is more than 91\% under both static and dynamic working conditions. The study improved the rotating wireless charging system’s efficiency, which improves the energy utilization efficiency.},
  AUTHOR = {Wang, Qiyue and Wang, De’an and Zhang, Jiantao},
  PUBLISHER = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
  URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/13/5628},
  DATE = {2024-01},
  DOI = {10.3390/su16135628},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Wang et al_2024_A Novel Rotating Wireless Power Transfer System for Slipring with Redundancy.pdf},
  ISSN = {2071-1050},
  ISSUE = {13},
  JOURNALTITLE = {Sustainability},
  KEYWORDS = {multi-coil coupling mechanism,rotating equipment,wireless power supply},
  LANGID = {english},
  NUMBER = {13},
  PAGES = {5628},
  TITLE = {A {{Novel Rotating Wireless Power Transfer System}} for {{Slipring}} with {{Redundancy Enhancement Characteristics}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-10},
  VOLUME = {16},
}

@BOOK{wiggeRundfunktechnischesHandbuch1930,
  AUTHOR = {Wigge, Heinrich},
  PUBLISHER = {Verlag von M. Krayn},
  DATE = {1930},
  EDITION = {2},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductors},
  TITLE = {Rundfunktechnisches {{Handbuch}}},
  VOLUME = {1},
}

@ARTICLE{xiaRotaryWirelessPower2024,
  ABSTRACT = {Traditional power supply methods for rotating mechanisms are found to face problems, including complex structures, limited functionality, and potential safety hazards. To address these problems, a rotary wireless power transfer system with new rail-type coupling structure (RTR-WPT) is proposed in this paper. This system, characterized by safety, reliability, and flexible installation, is designed to provide power to devices mounted on rotating shafts. Firstly, the topological structure of the RTR-WPT system is introduced, and the corresponding circuit model is established. Secondly, MAXWELL is utilized for finite element analysis to design and optimize the rail-type rotary coupler. Finally, an experimental platform for the RTR-WPT system is built and tested. From the experimental results, it is validated that the new rail-type coupler and the design methodology are feasible, and the system can achieve a power transmission of 10.33W with an overall efficiency of 72.1\% under rotating conditions.},
  AUTHOR = {Xia, Kun and Zhu, Benjing and Lou, Yang and Huang, Daming},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10508729/?arnumber=10508729&tag=1},
  DATE = {2024},
  DOI = {10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3393943},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Access}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Xia et al_2024_A Rotary Wireless Power Transfer System With Rail-Type Coupling Structure.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/SVKEQEZL/10508729.html},
  ISSN = {2169-3536},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Access},
  KEYWORDS = {Coils,Couplers,Couplings,finite element analysis,Finite element analysis,Power supplies,rail-type coupling structure,Reliability,Rotating mechanism,Topology,wireless power transfer,Wireless power transfer},
  PAGES = {63967--63975},
  TITLE = {A {{Rotary Wireless Power Transfer System With Rail-Type Coupling Structure}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-10},
  VOLUME = {12},
}

@ARTICLE{yanFreeRotationWirelessPower2023,
  ABSTRACT = {In the underwater environment, the ocean current will have a great influence on the anti-misalignment performance of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system for the autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). In this letter, a free-rotation WPT system with a new magnetic coupler for AUVs is proposed to improve the rotational and axial misalignment tolerance. The magnetic coupler has two decoupled transmitters and one segmented arc solenoid receiver with reversely wound adjacent receiver coils. The mutual inductances between the receiver and the two transmitters can compensate each other. Moreover, cooperated with the phase control between the two transmitters, the system can achieve more stable output power under the rotational and axial misalignment. A free-rotation WPT prototype was set up and the experimental results showed that the output power can reach 700 W and the output power fluctuation is below 5\% based on the proposed anti-misalignment method.},
  AUTHOR = {Yan, Zhengchao and Wu, Min and Zhao, Chenxu and Hu, Qianyu and Zhu, Lei and Qiao, Lin and Wang, Laili},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10021879/?arnumber=10021879},
  DATE = {2023-04},
  DOI = {10.1109/TPEL.2023.3238066},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Power Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Yan et al_2023_Free-Rotation Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Composite.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/KL3X7E4B/10021879.html},
  ISSN = {1941-0107},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Anti-misalignment,autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV),Couplers,Ferrites,Fluctuations,free-rotation,Magnetic resonance,Power generation,Receivers,Transmitters,wireless power transfer (WPT)},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {4262--4266},
  TITLE = {Free-{{Rotation Wireless Power Transfer System Based}} on {{Composite Anti-Misalignment Method}} for {{AUVs}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-10},
  VOLUME = {38},
}

@ARTICLE{zhangImprovedCompensationMethod2025,
  ABSTRACT = {Dual-layer or multilayer coils are often used to increase the power density of inductive power transfer systems. However, compared to single-layer coils, multilayer coils suffer from additional loss caused by interlayer displacement current (IDC), which can reduce system transmission efficiency. Therefore, this letter establishes a general mathematical model for IDC loss in multilayer coils regardless of whether the adjacent layers are symmetric. The traditional centralized compensation capacitor is split into two capacitors (interlayer and auxiliary capacitors), and a novel parameteric design method for the interlayer capacitor is proposed to optimize the IDC losses. The auxiliary capacitor is used to adjust the resonance state of the circuit. The experimental results show that compared to the traditional method, the prototype with the double-layer symmetrical coil achieves efficiency improvements of 0.5\% under light load and 2.27\% under heavy load. The double-layer asymmetrical coil prototype achieves efficiency improvements of 0.58\% under light load and 2.11\% under heavy load compared to the traditional method.},
  AUTHOR = {Zhang, Yiming and Cheng, Hao and Chen, Yang and Luo, Bo and Zhou, Wei and Mai, Ruikun and He, Zhengyou},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10681322/?arnumber=10681322},
  DATE = {2025-01},
  DOI = {10.1109/TPEL.2024.3462669},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Power Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2025_Zhang et al_An Improved Compensation Method Reducing Displacement Current Loss for.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/Y3LF7826/10681322.html},
  ISSN = {1941-0107},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Capacitors,Coils,Dielectrics,Inductance,Inductive power transfer (IPT),interlayer displacement current (IDC) loss,multilayer coil,Nonhomogeneous media,Resistance,Wire},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {87--91},
  TITLE = {An {{Improved Compensation Method Reducing Displacement Current Loss}} for {{Multilayer Coils}} in {{IPT System}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-11},
  VOLUME = {40},
}

@ARTICLE{zhangDynamicWirelessPower2025,
  ABSTRACT = {Segmented transmitter coils are commonly employed in dynamic wireless power transfer, and automatic switching is a preferred function to limit the transmitter current. This letter proposes a method for segment transmitter automatic switching utilizing a dc-controlled variable inductor (DCCVI), where the dc current can change the ac side's self-inductance. When the coils are decoupled, the dc current is small, so the inductance of the DCCVI is relatively large, leading to the suppression of the transmitter current. When the coils meet certain coupling conditions, the dc current becomes large, leading to a significant reduction in the ac inductance of the DCCVI, resulting in higher transmission power, thereby enabling segment transmitter automatic switching. The proposed method is straightforward and does not need additional position feedback. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can automatically limit the coil current within the range of [0, 0.15] and achieve higher power transmission with higher efficiency within the coupling range of [0.165, 0.3].},
  AUTHOR = {Zhang, Zeheng and Li, Zheng and Zhang, Xiaojun and Yang, Bin and He, Zhengyou and Mai, Ruikun and Chen, Yang},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10592813/?arnumber=10592813},
  DATE = {2025-01},
  DOI = {10.1109/TPEL.2024.3426100},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Power Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2025_Zhang et al_A Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System Using DC-Controlled Variable Inductor.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/6G27HTPY/10592813.html},
  ISSN = {1941-0107},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Automatic switching,Coils,Couplings,dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT),Inductance,Inductors,Receivers,Switches,Transmitters,variable inductor},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {23--27},
  TITLE = {A {{Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System Using DC-Controlled Variable Inductor}} for {{Segment Transmitter Automatic Switching}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-11},
  VOLUME = {40},
}

@ARTICLE{zhangWirelessSensorPower2024,
  ABSTRACT = {24 × 7 health monitoring of rotating shaft is very important for the safe operation of automotive axles. Wireless sensor power supply technology is one of the promising power supply means for monitoring systems. Since the radius of many rotation shafts is large up to 1 m, segmented coils are adopted to reduce the magnetic interference and power loss compared to single receiver coils, but this will lead to output voltage fluctuation causing the monitoring system failures. This letter proposes a fluctuation suppression method by a dc-side diode array and parameter optimization. Using multiple reverse parallel diode groups to connect the dc side of multiple receivers and the load, the diodes will be conducted when corresponding coils are activated, while those without induced voltage will not be conducted. In this way, the mutual inductance fluctuation as per different rotation angles can be greatly reduced. In addition, a detuned system has been designed, rendering the output gain insensitive to variations in mutual inductance, thereby enhancing the output stability. A prototype was built to verify the theoretical analysis. The experimental results indicate that the output voltage fluctuation is only 5.0\%. The proposed method can achieve significant output stability without complex control and dedicated coil design.},
  AUTHOR = {Zhang, Zeheng and Cheng, Hao and Li, Zheng and Chen, Fuao and Chen, Yang and He, Zhengyou and Mai, Ruikun},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10629183/?arnumber=10629183},
  DATE = {2024-12},
  DOI = {10.1109/TPEL.2024.3439718},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Power Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/2024_Zhang et al_Wireless Sensor Power Supply for Rotating Shaft Using DC-Side Diode Array With.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/BK6YYH4R/10629183.html},
  ISSN = {1941-0107},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Coils,Diode array,Diodes,Fluctuations,Inductance,Power supplies,Receivers,Rectifiers,Shafts,stable output,Transmitters,Wireless sensor networks,wireless sensor power supply (WSPS)},
  NUMBER = {12},
  PAGES = {15414--15419},
  TITLE = {Wireless {{Sensor Power Supply}} for {{Rotating Shaft Using DC-Side Diode Array With Stable Output}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-12-11},
  VOLUME = {39},
}

@ARTICLE{zhangWirelessPowerTransfer2019,
  ABSTRACT = {Due to limitations of low power density, high cost, heavy weight, etc., the development and application of battery-powered devices are facing with unprecedented technical challenges. As a novel pattern of energization, the wireless power transfer (WPT) offers a band new way to the energy acquisition for electric-driven devices, thus alleviating the over-dependence on the battery. This paper presents an overview of WPT techniques with emphasis on working mechanisms, technical challenges, metamaterials, and classical applications. Focusing on WPT systems, this paper elaborates on current major research topics and discusses about future development trends. This novel energy transmission mechanism shows significant meanings on the pervasive application of renewable energies in our daily life.},
  AUTHOR = {Zhang, Zhen and Pang, Hongliang and Georgiadis, Apostolos and Cecati, Carlo},
  URL = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8357386/?arnumber=8357386},
  DATE = {2019-02},
  DOI = {10.1109/TIE.2018.2835378},
  EVENTTITLE = {{{IEEE Transactions}} on {{Industrial Electronics}}},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Sync/Research/Zotero/Zhang et al_2019_Wireless Power Transfer—An Overview.pdf;/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/MHMC3VK4/8357386.html},
  ISSN = {1557-9948},
  JOURNALTITLE = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics},
  KEYWORDS = {Batteries,Capacitive coupled power transfer (CCPT),contactless charging,Couplings,dynamic charging,Electromagnetic interference,Impedance,inductive power transfer (IPT),Integrated circuit modeling,Load modeling,overview,Wireless power transfer,wireless power transfer (WPT)},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {1044--1058},
  TITLE = {Wireless {{Power Transfer}}—{{An Overview}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-11-07},
  VOLUME = {66},
}

@ONLINE{zhaoDesignOptimizationLitzWire2023,
  ABSTRACT = {Litz wire planar spiral coils are widely used in inductive power transfer systems due to low power loss in high-frequency operation and low profile. However, the complicated structure of the litz wire coil imposes difficulties in estimating the frequency-dependent resistance and quality factor accurately. In this work, we present an 2D analytical model for calculating the frequency-dependent resistance and quality factor of multi-coil inductive power transfer systems based on superposition of different loss effects. Its accuracy is validated with multiple coils and litz wires over wide frequency range. Meanwhile, a fast and accurate multi-objective optimization method is developed to improve the product quality factor and coupling factor. From the optimization results, there are five factors affecting the quality factor and coupling factor. A set of design guidelines is proposed to cope with these design factors. The final prototypes show 33\textbackslash\% increase in quality factor and 23\textbackslash\% improvement in coupling factor compared with the state-of-the-art designs. Meanwhile, a 30W, 500kHz inductive power transfer system is designed with 91\textbackslash\% peak efficiency.},
  AUTHOR = {Zhao, Weihao and Peng, Yingzhou and Zhan, Shen and Wang, Huai},
  URL = {https://www.techrxiv.org/doi/full/10.36227/techrxiv.22491235.v1},
  DATE = {2023-04-07},
  DOI = {10.36227/techrxiv.22491235.v1},
  FILE = {/home/jaseg/Zotero/storage/ZAQTS252/Zhao et al. - 2023 - Design and Optimization of Litz-Wire Planar Spiral.pdf},
  LANGID = {english},
  PUBSTATE = {prepublished},
  TITLE = {Design and {{Optimization}} of {{Litz-Wire Planar Spiral Coil}} for {{Inductive Power Transfer Application}}},
  URLDATE = {2024-10-30},
}

@INCOLLECTION{zicknerSpulen1927,
  AUTHOR = {Zickner, G.},
  EDITOR = {Banneitz, Fritz},
  PUBLISHER = {Verlag von Julius Springer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Taschenbuch Der Drahtlosen {{Telegraphie}} Und {{Telephonie}}},
  DATE = {1927},
  KEYWORDS = {twisted-inductors},
  TITLE = {Spulen},
}

