diff --git a/paper.tex b/paper.tex index 43f07bf..19125f8 100644 --- a/paper.tex +++ b/paper.tex @@ -65,9 +65,10 @@ \section{Introduction} \section{Related Work} -\subsection{The History of Tamper Sensing Meshes} +\section{The History of Tamper Sensing Meshes} + +\subsection{Use by the US Military} -\paragraph{Use by the US Military} Electronic tamper sensing meshes are documented in literature beginning around World War \RN{2}. The earliest mention of such a system we are aware of is from notes on a series of lectures given by Dr.~David~G. Boak, a specialist in communications security and signal intelligence at the US National Security @@ -81,7 +82,8 @@ response, reliably zeroizing the cryptographic keys would be sufficient. Today, does note several other ways to penalize an intrusion attempt, including raising a remote alarm or--even more exciting--exploding the device. -\paragraph{Use in Nuclear Weapons} +\subsection{Use in Nuclear Weapons} + Communications security was not the earliest use of tamper-sensing membranes in the US military, with Boak mentioning HSMs still being under development in the second volume of the lecture series, dated 1972. An earlier reference to such systems can be found in literature on Permissive Action Links (PALs) for nuclear weapons. In US military terminology, a @@ -101,7 +103,8 @@ While it is difficult to date, \textcite{carterManagingNuclearOperations1987} sp membrane being used in US PALs. Given the nature of the matter, it is safe to assume that this technology will have been in use for some years at the point it was being discussed in an unclassified, civilian book on nuclear armament control. -\paragraph{Use in Nuclear Safeguards} +\subsection{Use in Nuclear Safeguards} + Besides being used in nuclear weapons, tamper-sensing systems have another, more peaceful application in the nuclear field. In 1957, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was founded to coordinate and verify that civilian nuclear energy installations are not used for military purposes. A core part of the IAEA's tasks is observing the operations at @@ -138,7 +141,8 @@ used in contemporary hardware security modules to detect attempts at drilling or system~\cite{iaea2011,tolkSafeguardsSensorsSystems2007}. Unfortunately, no information on the precise construction of the tamper sensing mesh such as materials used or structure sizes are publically available. -\paragraph{Commercial Use} +\subsection{Commercial Use} + Commercially, tamper sensing meshes have entered widespread use beginning around the turn of the millennium, initially in then-new HSMs, cryptographic coprocessors primarily aimed at the financial industry~\cite{andersonSecurityEngineeringGuide2020}. Today, their use in finance has spread from HSMs in datacenters @@ -157,14 +161,13 @@ outside-facing wall to detect attempts at drilling into it. Finally, we have fou mid-2000s era slot machines in Germany that includes a tamper-sensing mesh, presumably to prevent modification or cloning. This device will also be analyzed later in this paper. +\section{The Principles of Security Mesh Construction and Monitoring} \subsection{Security Mesh Manufacturing} \subsection{Security Mesh Monitoring} \subsection{Other Tamper Sensing Techniques} \subsection{Hardware Security Module Applications} \subsection{The Patent Landscape} -\section{The Principles of Security Mesh Construction and Monitoring} - \section{Methodology} \subsection{Sample selection}